人工智能定义 “什么是人工智能？”这个问题不容易回答。如果查字典，就会得到如下的定义：“电脑或者其他机器有通常被认为需要智能的行为能力。”这个解释出自《美国传统英语词典》第四版。其他的地方还把人工智能定义为：处理或者创造科学的智能机器。 其他的观点认为，人工智能是：人造机器表现出智能的行为，或者在智能行为的背后有仿真脑。但这种解释并不完全。一些人认为，那些为了创造智能机器的，人工智能研究是没有必要的，而应该是为了更了解人类智慧的本质。还有其他研究人工智能的方法是让机器能表现出智能的有限的形式。 这又带来了一个问题：“什么是智能？”一些人认为，最后验证人工智能的标准是，人工智能有多接近人类的智能。其他的人争辩说另外还需要满足让一台机器被认为用智能。又有一些人说智能需要良知和感情这样才能真正的称之为智能，而其他人说人工智能能解决人类能解决的问题是不够的；人工智能还必须能学习和适应才能被认为是智能的。 能满足上面说的所有要求的被成为强人工智能(Strong AI)。不像强AI，弱AI包含了使机器拥有特定的智能的意图和技术了。游戏AI就属于弱AI里。
Defining AIThe question "what is artificial intelligence?" is not easy to answer. If you look up artificial intelligence in a dictionary, you'll probably find a definition that reads something like this: "The ability of a computer or other machine to perform those activities that are normally thought to require intelligence." This definition comes from The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition (Houghton Mifflin Company). Still other sources define artificial intelligence as the process or science of creating intelligent machines. From another perspective it's appropriate to think of AI as the intelligent behavior exhibited by the machine that has been created, or perhaps the artificial brains behind that intelligent behavior. But even this interpretation is not complete. To some folks, the study of AI is not necessarily for the purpose of creating intelligent machines, but for the purpose of gaining better insight into the nature of human intelligence. Still others study AI methods to create machines that exhibit some limited form of intelligence. This begs the question: "what is intelligence?" To some, the litmus test for AI is how close it is to human intelligence. Others argue that additional requirements must be met for a machine to be considered intelligent. Some people say intelligence requires a conscience and that emotions are integrally tied to intelligence, while others say the ability to solve a problem requiring intelligence if it were to be solved by a human is not enough; AI must also learn and adapt to be considered intelligent. AI that satisfies all these requirements is considered strong AI. Unlike strong AI, weak AI involves a broader range of purposes and technologies to give machines specialized intelligent qualities. Game AI falls into the category of weak AI. |
