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Why Teens are Lousy at Chores [2005-8-6] 发表在
Finally researchers have come up with a reason other than pure laziness for why teenagers can't shower and brush their teeth or unload the dishwasher and wipe down the counter. Blame it on "cognitive limitations." Their brains can't multitask as well as those of the taskmasters. Trust, however, that they'll grow out of it. The part of the brain responsible for multitasking continues to develop until late adolescence, with cells making connections even after some children are old enough to drive, according to a new study in the May/June issue of the journal Child Development. The frontal cortex, which starts just behind the eyes and goes back almost to the ears, figures out (or doesn't) what to do when a person is asked to juggle multiple pieces of information. Imagine, then, how "make your bed and bring the laundry down" might befuddle a 13-year-old. In one of the study's tests, subjects between ages 9 and 20 were given multiple pieces of information, then asked to re-order the information to formulate an accurate response to a question. In another of several tests, they were asked to find hidden items using a high degree of strategic thinking. The ability to remember multiple bits of information developed through age 13 to 15, the study found. But strategic self-organized thinking, the type that demands a high level of multi-tasking skill, continues to develop until ages 16 to 17. The notion is not entirely new. Brain imaging has suggested as much. "Our findings lend behavioral support to that work and indicate that the frontal lobe is continuing to develop until late adolescence in a manner that depends upon the complexity of the task that is being demanded," said lead researcher Monica Luciana, an associate professor of psychology at the University of Minnesota. Unfortunately the study did not reveal any solution to parents at their wits' end over the problem. But Luciana did offer this advice: "We need to keep their cognitive limitations in mind, especially when adolescents are confronted with demanding situations in the classroom, at home, or in social gatherings." chore:家庭杂务家庭中日常的或例行的事务 come up with:提出 pure:纯粹的 cognitive: 认知的, 认识的, 有感知的 multitask:多任务 adolescence : 青春期从青春发育期到成熟期的一段生理与心理的发展阶段 cortex: (植物的)皮层, 树皮, (脑或肾的)皮层, 皮质   为什么十几岁的孩子不能在洗澡的同时刷牙或者把碗从洗碗柜中取出来的同时收拾一下碗柜?研究人员说孩子们这样做并非纯粹由于偷懒。 这些都应该归罪于“认知局限性”。因为孩子的大脑不能像给人派活的工头们的大脑一样能够同时处理很多事。 不过不用担心,“认知局限性”会随着他们的成长而逐渐消失的。 根据5/6月份的儿童发展期刊的一项新的研究发现,大脑中负责多任务处理的细胞从没有停止过发育,一直到青春期晚期,甚至有的孩子都到了可以开车的年龄,那些脑细胞依然很活跃。 当一个人要去同时处理多条信息时,从眼睛后面一直到差不多耳朵之间的额叶皮质将决定他要去做什么(或者不去做什么)。那么现在想想看,当一个13岁的孩子在听到“整理床铺,把要洗的衣服拿下来”时,他会有多迷惑。 此项研究的一个实验中,研究人员向9岁到20岁之间的被测试者提一个问题,然后给他们各种各样的答案信息,让他们整理这些信息然后回答问题。在另一项测试中,研究人员要求他们以高度的战略性思考来找出隐藏的信息。 研究发现,记忆多任务信息的能力主要在13-15岁之间成熟。但是需要高级多任务处理的自我管理组织能力将一直持续到16-17岁。 这个概念并不是全新的,大脑成像图也表明了这一点。 首席研究员明尼苏答大学心理学系副教授莫尼卡·露西亚说:“我们的发现很好地证明了这一观点,并且表明,被要求完成任务复杂性将从某种意义上决定额成熟期。但额叶基本上会一直成长到青春期的后期。” 可惜的是,这项研究并没能告诉那些已经绞尽脑汁的家长们如何解决这个问题。但是露西娜给出了一条建议: “我们要明白孩子们之所以不能做好是与他们的‘认知局限性’有关的,特别是当青少年在学校、家里或是社交聚会时遇到困境时。” 中国国际广播电台 译 juggle: 同时做使(如两种以上活动等)同时保持运作或进展 befuddle: 使迷惑;使为难 formulate: 规划或构想 strategic thinking:战略性思考 lend…support to: 支持, 支援 in a manner: 在某种意义上 at (one's) wits' end:智穷计尽;全然不知所措
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