语法教学材料:不定式的省略

      英语角 2005-6-16 23:45
下面是几道 NMET 高考试题:

  1 . ? I ’ ll be away on a business trip . Would you mind looking after my cat ?

   ? Not at all . ______

   A . I ’ ve no time B . I ’ d rather not C . I ’ d like it D . I ’ d be happy to

  2 . The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street , but his mother told him ______ .

   A . not to B . not to do C . not to do it D . do not to ( NMET95 )

  3 ? Alice , why didn ’ t you come yesterday ?

   ? I ______ , but I had an unexpected visitor .

   A . had B . would C . was going to D . did

  以上三题考查的均是不定式的省略结构,答案分别为D、A、C。不定式的省略结构的常见情况有:

  当不定式所表示内容在上文已经出现,为避免重复,总是把不定式里的动词及其后续部分省略,只保留 to,主要分以下几种情况:

  ※ 当不定式在某些动词后作宾语时,常可省略,常用动词如 like , love , care , hope , wish , expect , prefer , refuse , mean , try , oblige , advise , persuade等。如:

  ? Do you want to give a talk on that subject ?

  ? I prefer not to .

  You can do it this way if you care to .

  ? Are you and Jane getting married ?

  ?We hope to .

  但当 want , like 用于从句中时,如在 when , if , what , as 等后,to 也常可省略。如:

  Come when you want .

  I ’ ve decided to do what I like .

  ※ 当不定式在句中某些动词后作宾语补足语或作主语补足语时,不定式常省略,常见动词如 ask , tell , advise , force , persuade , wish , allow , permit 等。如:

  She wants to come but her parents won ’ t allow her to .

  You ’ d better give a performance if they should ask you to / if you should be asked to .

  ※ 当不定式在某些形容词后作状语时,也可省略,常见形容词如 happy , glad , eager , anxious , willing , ready 等。如:

  ? Will you join me in a walk ?

  ? I ’ ll be glad to .

  I think he should get a job , but you can ’ t force him to if he ’ s not ready to .

  ※ 当不定式在某些结构后作复合谓语时,不定式可省略,常见结构如:be able to ,be going to , have to , ought to , uses to 等。如:

  I don ’ t want to wait for him but I have to .

He doesn ’ t like fish but he used to .

  ※ 不定式在某些名词后作定语时可省略,此时 to 也常省略,常见名词如:courage , chance , time 等。如:

  He ’ ll never leave home ; he hasn ’ t got the courage ( to ) .

  He says he will come as soon as he has got a chance ( to ) .

  ※ 当被省略的不定式的内容是作助动词用的 have 或 be 的任何形式时,to 后要保留到原形 have 或 be。如:

  He didn’ t come , but the ought to have .

  Jane is not what she used to be .
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