形容词
1．形容词的作用与位置
l)用作定语，修饰名词．一般放在所修饰的名词之前，如果两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时，与被修饰名词关系密切的形容词靠近名词；如果几个形容词的重要性差不多，音节少的形容词在前，音节多的放在后．例如：
a powerful socialist country
an interesting English film
a small but beautiful room(音节多的在后)
2)用作定语,修饰由不定代词one，no，any，some和 every构成的复合词，如anything, something时，通常放在所修饰的词后面，例初：
I have something interesting to tell you．
3)作用表语，与系动词 be，grow，get，become，feel，appear，prove，seem，look，keep. smell，taste，sound，turn，remain等连用，例如：
The desk is clean.
The weather is getting warmer and warmer．
4)用作宾语补足语．例如：
The news made every one happy．
I think the text very interesting.
5)与定冠词一起表示某一类人或物，在句中可作主语，宾语．例如：
The rich and the poor live very different lives．(主语)
6)作状语，表示伴随状况、原因、结果等。例如：
He went to bed, could and hungry.
Afraid of troubles，he would not accept the duty.
注意：①某些表示健康状况的形容词只能作表语，不能用作定语，如 well，ill, faint等．当 ill作定语修饰名词时，其含义相当干 bad；但sick一词既可作表语,又可作定语，表示“生病”．例如：
The woman is sick. the sick woman.
某些以 a-开首的形容词例如：afraid，alike，alone，asleep，awake等只能作表语，不能作定语。
③某些以-ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词．例如：friendly，lively，lovely，lonely，likely，deadly，silly，orderly等．
④plenty of，a lot of一般不用于疑问句和否定句中
2．复合形容词的构成
1)形容词词干十名词十 ed
kind- hearted(好心的)
2)形容词词干十形容词词干
red- hot(炽热的)，dark- blue(深蓝的)
3)形容词词干十现在分词词干
tried- looking(面带倦容的) ordinary- looking(长相一般的)
4)副词词干十现在分词词干
hard- working(勤劳的) quick- firing(速射的)
5)副词词干十过去分词词干
hard- won(得来不易的) newly- made(新建的)
6)名词词干十形容词词干
life- long(终生的) world- famous(世界闻名的)
7)名词词干十现在分词词干 peace- loving(爱好和平的) mouth- watering(令人垂涎的)
8)名词词干十过去分词词干 snow- covered(白雪复盖的) hand- made(手工的)
9)数词词干+名词十 ed four- storeyed(四层的) three- legged(三条腿的)
10)数词词干十名词词干
ten- year(十年的) two- man(二人的)
副词
l.副词的分类
副词修饰动词、形容词、其他副词、全句或名词调组及介词．副词一般可分为以下几类：
1)时间副词，例如： now，usually，often，always等．
2)地点副词，例如： here，there，out，everywhere等.
3)方式副词，例如： hard，well，fast，slowly等．
4)程度副词，例如： very，much，still，almost等．
5)疑问副词，例如： how，When，why，where等．
6)关系副词，例如：when，where，why等．
7)连接副词，例如： Whether，why when，how等．
2.副词的位置
l)时间副词和地点副词的位置一般放在句尾。如果这两种副词同时出现在句中，则把地点副词放在时间副词前面，也可把时间副词放在句首．例如：
They went boating in Zhongshan Park yesterday．
Yesterday the went boating in Zhongshan Park．
但表示不确定时间的副词通常放在行为动词之前，放在情态动词、助动词和 to be之后．这些副词有，always，seldom，often，never，rarely等．例如：
We should always work hard.
We are never late.
He often comes late.
2)程度副词一般放在被修饰词之前( enough例外)．如：
He is very careful．
You are old enough to do this．
3)方式副词修饰不及物动词时放在被修饰词之后，修饰及物动词时，放在被修饰的动词之前或宾词之后，如宾语较长，也可把副词放在动词与宾语之间．例如：
He works hard.
He speaks English very well．
Mr Wang wrote carefully some letters to his friends．
4)副词修饰名词时，一般放在该名词之后；修饰介词时(如 well，right，just，soon等)，放在该介词前；副词修饰全句时，一般放在句首，例如：
The person there is looking for you．
There’s the house，right in front of you．
Truly he will go to Shanghai．
3．副词的作用
副词在句中作状语、表语、定语和宾语补足语．例如：
I worked in Beijing almost for three years．(状语)
Time is up. (表语)
The building there looks very grand．(定语)
Let the dog out．(宾语补足语)
注意：有些副词有两种形式，一个与形容词同形，一个以 ly结尾，但它们的含义是不同的．例如：
l) close接近地 closely仔细地，密切地
2) free免费地 freely自由地，无拘束地
3) hard努力地 harely几乎不
4) late晚，迟 lately近来
5) most极，非常 mostly主要地
6) wide广阔地，充分地 widely广泛地
7) high高 highly高度地，非常地
8) deep深，迟 deeply抽象意义的“深”
9) loud大声地
loudly大声地(含有喧闹的意思)
10) near邻近 nearly几乎
几组词的用法比较：
1) ago与 before
ago表示以现在为起点的“以前”；before指以过去或将来的某时刻“以前”．泛指“以前”，用 before而不用 ago。
l started working in the school three years ago．
Last year he left the army that he had joined eighteen years before．
We (have) never met them before (没有具体时间，两种时态都可以)
2) very与 much
①very修饰形容词或副词的原级，much修饰形容词或副词的比较级，修饰动词要用 much或 very much．例如：
very good，very well；much better
I like this film very much．
② very修饰用作形容词的现在分词．例如：
very interesting，very，exciting，very satisfying等．
③very修饰某些习惯上已被用作形容词(不管是作表语还是作定语)的过去分词．例如：
a very pleased look，a very delingted boy，
He is very tired．My English is very limited．
这类词有：frightened，disappointed，satisfied，excited，interested，pleased，surprised，troubled，upset，worried等．但若用在 by句中，就该用much来修饰．
④much可以修饰动词，very则不能．修饰动词时应注意 much或 very much的位置．例如：
I enjoyed the concert (very) much．
I (very) much enjoyed the concert．
⑤在英国，只能用作表语的某些形容词例如：alive，alone，afraid，ashamed等前用 much或 very much来修饰，但在美国，往往用 very，如“ very afraid”．
⑥在不能确定的时候，用 much往往比 very妥当。
3) already，yet，still
①already表示某事已经发生；yet表示期待某事发生；still表示某事还在进行，主要用于肯定句．例如：
He’s already finished his work．
He hasn’t finished his work yet．
Are you still learning French?
②already和yet可用于疑问句，但含义不同．
Have you met Mr Wang yet? (= up to this moment)
你(到目前为止)见过王先生没有?(一般性问句)
Have you already (= sooner than expected) met Mr Wang?
你(竟然)已经见到过王先生了吗?(表示出乎意料)
4) too；also，either
too和 also用于肯定句，too多用于口语，also多用于书面语，either用于否定句．
You like to play football． I like to play football too．( I also like to Playfootball．)
I don’t like to play football，and I don’t like to play basketball either.
5) so．．． that与 such．. ． that
①so… that和 such… that都作“如此…以致”解，that引导结果状语从句．常见句型如下
so 形容词 + that
副词
such十 a／ an(形容词)单数可数名词
(形容词)十复数可数名词 十 that
(形容词)十不可数名词
② such… that和 so… that有时可以换用，条件是 such所修饰的名词必须是一个单数可数名词，且该名词前还带有表性质的形容词．转变公式如下：
such a／an 十形容词十名词 so 十形容词十 a／an十名词．例： He is such a good student that we all like him． He is so good a student that we all like him. 但是如果是不可数名词或复数可数名词，则只能用 such而不能用 so修饰．如： It was such bad weather that he had to stay at home.
③如果复数名词前有 many、few，不可数名词前有 much、little等表示量的形容词时，该用 so而不用 such．如：
I’ve had so many falls that I’m black and blue all over．
Mr White got so little money a month that he could hardly keep body
and soul together．
但 little不表示数量而表示“小”的意思时,仍用 such．如：
They are such little children that they cannot clean the house by them-selves．
(三)形容词和副词的比较等级．
形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级，比较级和最高级．
1．原级的构成和用法
l)构成：形容词，副词的原级形式是形容词，副词的原形．
2)用法：表示双方在程度，性质，特征等某方面相等时，用“ as 十原级形容词或副词十 as”的结构；表示双方不相等时，用“ not so (as)十原级形容词或副词十 as”的结构；表示一方是另一方的若干倍时，用“倍数十 as十原级形容词或副词十 as”的结构．
例如：
Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Liu．
This building looks not so (as) high as that one．
Ms．Sun speaks English as fluently as you．
This room is three times as large as that one.
2．比较级和最高级的构成和用法
1)比较级和最高级的构成：
①单音节形容词以及少数以- er，- ow结尾的形容词和副词加“ er”，“ est”．例如：
great greater greatest
narrow narrower narrowest
fast faster fastest
clever cleverer cleverest
②以 e结尾的单音节形容词和副词后以及少数以- ble，- ple结尾的双音节形容词和副词后，加“ r”，“ st”.例如：
large larger largest
able abler ablest
simple simpler simplest
③以一个辅音结尾的单音节形容词，其前的元音字母发短元音时，该辅音字母要双写，然后加“ er”，“ est”.例如：
hot hotter hottest ④以辅音加 y结尾的形容词和少数不是形容词加 ly构成的副词要将 y改为 i，再加“ er”，“est”，例如：
easy easier easiest
early earlier earliest
happy happier happiest
⑤一般双音节词、多音节形容词和副词在原级前加 more或most．例如：
beautiful more beautiful most beautiful
carefully more carefully most carefully
⑥少数单音节形容词也加 more和 most构成比较级和最高级。例如：
tired more tired most tired
pleased more pleased most pleased
⑦下列形容词、副词的比较级和最高级可有两种构成方法．
cruel crueler cruelest
more cruel most cruel
often oftener oftenest
more often most often
strict stricter strictest
more strict most strict
friendly friendlier friendliest
more friendly most friendly
⑧下列形容词，副词的比较级和最高级的构成不规则．
good，well better best
bad, ill worse worst
mant，much more most
little less least
far farther farthest
further furthest
old elder／older eldest／ oldest
2)比较级的用法
①双方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级十 than”的结构表示．例如：
This pen is better than that one.
②表示一方不及另一方时，用“ less十原级十 than”的结构表示．例如：
This room is less beautiful than that one．
③表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较前加表示程度的状语，如：even，a lot，a bit，a little，still，much，far，yet，by far等修饰．例如：
He works even harder than before．
注意：英语的比较级前如无 even，still，或 yet等时，译成汉语时可用“较”或“……一些”或不译出，一般不可用“更”，如：
She is better than she was yesterday．
她比昨天好些了．
Please come earlier tomorrow． 请明天早点来． 注意：by far通常用于强调最高级．用于比较级时，一般放在比较级的后面，如
在前面，应在二者中间加“ the”．如
He is taller by far than his brother.
He is by far the taller of the two brothers.
④表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用“ the 十比较级(主语十谓语)，the 十比
较级(主语十谓语)”的结构．例如：
The harder he works，the happier he feels．
⑤不与其它事物相比,表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级十 and十比较级”的结构．例如：
The weather is getting colder and colder.
The girl becomes more and more beautiful．
⑥某些以一 or结尾的形容词进行比较时，用 to代替 than．(这些词有inferior，superior，junior，senior，prior等．例如：
He is superior to Mr Wang in mathematics．
⑦在比较从句中为了避免重复，我们通常用 that(those)，one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。 that指物，one既可指人，也可指物．that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，而one只能代替可数名词.例如：
The book on the table is more interesting than that on the desk.
A box made of iron is stronger than one made of wood．
⑧表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型：
A) A is three(four，ete) times the size(height，length，width，ete) of B．例如；
The new building is four times the size( the height) of the old one．这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大(四倍高)。(这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍[高三倍])．
B) A is three(four，etc) times as big(high，long，wide，etc．) as B．例如：
Asia is four times as lareg as Europe，亚洲是欧洲的四倍大．(亚洲比欧洲大三倍．)
C) A is three(four，etc．) times bigger ( higher，longer，wider，etc．) than B．例如：
Your school is three times bigger than ours，你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍．(你们的学校是我们学校的四倍大．)
用 times表示倍数，一般只限于表示包括基数在内三倍或三倍以上的数．表示两倍可以用 twice或 double
3)最高级的用法
①三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“ the十最高级”的结构表示．这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语．例如：
Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three．
He works (the) hardest in his class.
②最高级可被序数词以及 much，by far，nearly，almost，by no means，not quite，not really，nothing like等词语所修饰. 例如： This hat is by far／much／nearly／almost／not nearly／by no means/not quite／nothing like the biggest． How much did the second most expensive hat coat?
③表示“最高程度”的形容词，如 excellent，extreme，perfect等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级．
④形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时，被修饰的词往往省略．
He is the tallest(boy) in his class．
⑤作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词．例如
0f all the boys he came(the) earliest．
[练习]
1. What he said just now sounded ______，I think.
A．quite perfectly B．nice and interesting
C. nice or polite D. nicely and friendly
2. Do you enjoy listening to records? I find records are often ______ or better than an actual performance．
A．as good as B．as good C．good D．good as
3. Last night we met with _____ rain at the station．
A．a quite heavy B．too heavy a
C．such heavy a D．a so heavy
4．After having gone ______ far，George did not want to turn back．
A．enough B. much C．such D．that
5．Which is ______ book，the new one or the old one?
A．better B．the better C．best D．the best
6．The old gentleman has _______ been to the Great Wall before，has he?
A．always B．already C．ever D．not
7．They have produced _____ they did last year.
A．twice more grain as B．twice as much grain as
C．twice as many grain as D．as twice many grain as
8. It is said that the film is ______ seeing．
A．very worth B．quite worthy of
C．well worth D．rather worthy of
9．Miss Yang wears the ______ skirt as you，but ___ from Miss Xiao’s．
A．similar; differently B．same；different
C．different；same D. same；differently
10．There are ______ books in our library than in your library．
A．many more B．more many C．much more D．more much
11．The lecture was so ______ that all the people in the hall were _____ ．
A．moving；exciting B．moving；excited
C．moved；excited D．moved；excited
12．Smoking is so bad for his health that he doesn’t smoke ____ . A. no longer B. no more C．any longer D．any more
13．The teacher wondered why _____ many students had made
careless mistakes．
A．so；so B．so；such C．such；so D．such；such
14. It is _____ that his English is ______ perfect．
A．sure；very B．right；rather C．exact; fairly D．certain; quite
15．In fact we find it ______to master a foreign language in three weeks．
A．easily B. difficulty C. impossible D．necessary
16. There is ______ to hold the water．
A. nothing big enough B．nothing enough big
C．big enough nothing D．enough big nothing
17. Qingdao is ______ beautiful city in summer．
A．most B．a most C．the most D．much
18．The World cup in France was the biggest ______ football match in the
world．
A．alive B．live C．lively D．living
19．How did it take _______ time in building the house with _____ work
ers?
A．less；fewer B．fewer：less
C．the fewest；the least D．a little；a bit of
20. Mr Wang has never seen ______ place as Disneyland．
A．more beautiful a B．a more beautiful
C．so beautiful a D．such beautiful a
21. My ______ sister who works in the bank is two years _____ than I．
A．younger；older B．older；elder
C．elder；elder D. elder；older
22．China is a large country which is getting ______ .
A．more and more developed
B．more and more developing
C．more developed and more developed
D．more developing and more developing
23. The sports shoes are _____ for me.
A．too a little small B．a little small too
C．too small a little D. a little too small
24. My parents were ______ when I reached home．
A．quite asleep B．sleeping fast
C．sound asleep D. too sleeping
25. ______ , the more he likes it.
A．It is the more dangerous B．It is the most dangerous
C. The more it is dangerous D．The more dangerous it is26. China has a ____ population than ______ in Africa.
A．more；any other country B．more；any country
C．larger；any country D．larger；all the other countries
27. - How did you find your visit to the museum?
- I thoroughly enjoyed it．It was ____ interesting than I had expect- ed．
A．far more B. even much C．so more D．a lot much
28. This is a most beautiful park．I have never seen _____ one before.
A．the best B．the better C．a best D．a better
29. _____ it is to have a picnic by the sea!
A．What a great peasure B．What great pleasure
C，How a great pleasure D．How great pleasure
30．The boy wasn’t ______ at English，but now he does _____ in it．
A. good；good B．well；better C. better; well D．good；better
31．He’d like to sleep with the window _____ at night.
A．open wide B．open widely C. wide open D. opened wide
32. He often keeps _____ newspapers ____ .
A. every day；tidily B．daily；orderly
C．everyday；tidily D．the day；tidy
33．We must leave now，_____ we’ll be late for work．
A．so B．otherwise C．then D. and
34．She smiled to the people around but ____ looked straight ahead，get- ting hold of her husband’ s hand．
A．most B. almost C. mostly D．nearly
35．The guide told us that he would organize some businessmen abroad
______ next week．
A．some time B．sometime C. some times D．sometimes
36．What a wonder! They’ve finished _______ 30％ of the task within one week．
A．no more than B．no less than
C．not more than D．much less than
37．I’ve got _____ work to do on a _____ cold day．
A．much too；much too B．too much; too much
C．too much；much too D．much too；too much
38. - Is he ______ better today?
- Of course.
A．much B．a bit C. any D．even
39．It is wrong ______ to your father like that．
A．for you talking B．for you to talk
C．of you talking D．of you to talk40．The best time to go to Australia is ____ autumn． A．later B．latest C．late D. last41．This is _____ bridge ever built in China. A．longest B．the longer C．the longest D. a longer
42．He knows little of mathematics，and _____ of chemistry.
A．even more B．still less C．no less D．still more
43．Both the women hardly knew their headmaster ______．
A．too B．neither C．either D. also
44．On the bank of the river stands a ______ castle．
A．old big British B．British big old
C. big British old D．big old British
45．When I came back，my wife was not _____ ready for meals．
A．almost B．nearly C．fairly D. hardly
46．The United States，Britain，New Zealand and so on are _____ countries.
A．speaking- English B．English- speaking
C．spoken- English D．English- spoken
47．Which do you like ____，English，Chinese or French?
A．better B．well C．best D. worse
48．- Is the bus stop far from here?
- It’s a quarter’s walk，_____ .
A．more and more B．and so on
C．all together D．more or less
49．When you drive home，you can’ t be ________ careful．
A．very B．too C．so D．only
50．Anyone who has spent time with children knows the difference in the
Way boys and girls respond(反应) to ______ situations，
A． Similar B． alike C． same D．1ikely
1．形容词的作用与位置
l)用作定语，修饰名词．一般放在所修饰的名词之前，如果两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时，与被修饰名词关系密切的形容词靠近名词；如果几个形容词的重要性差不多，音节少的形容词在前，音节多的放在后．例如：
a powerful socialist country
an interesting English film
a small but beautiful room(音节多的在后)
2)用作定语,修饰由不定代词one，no，any，some和 every构成的复合词，如anything, something时，通常放在所修饰的词后面，例初：
I have something interesting to tell you．
3)作用表语，与系动词 be，grow，get，become，feel，appear，prove，seem，look，keep. smell，taste，sound，turn，remain等连用，例如：
The desk is clean.
The weather is getting warmer and warmer．
4)用作宾语补足语．例如：
The news made every one happy．
I think the text very interesting.
5)与定冠词一起表示某一类人或物，在句中可作主语，宾语．例如：
The rich and the poor live very different lives．(主语)
6)作状语，表示伴随状况、原因、结果等。例如：
He went to bed, could and hungry.
Afraid of troubles，he would not accept the duty.
注意：①某些表示健康状况的形容词只能作表语，不能用作定语，如 well，ill, faint等．当 ill作定语修饰名词时，其含义相当干 bad；但sick一词既可作表语,又可作定语，表示“生病”．例如：
The woman is sick. the sick woman.
某些以 a-开首的形容词例如：afraid，alike，alone，asleep，awake等只能作表语，不能作定语。
③某些以-ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词．例如：friendly，lively，lovely，lonely，likely，deadly，silly，orderly等．
④plenty of，a lot of一般不用于疑问句和否定句中
2．复合形容词的构成
1)形容词词干十名词十 ed
kind- hearted(好心的)
2)形容词词干十形容词词干
red- hot(炽热的)，dark- blue(深蓝的)
3)形容词词干十现在分词词干
tried- looking(面带倦容的) ordinary- looking(长相一般的)
4)副词词干十现在分词词干
hard- working(勤劳的) quick- firing(速射的)
5)副词词干十过去分词词干
hard- won(得来不易的) newly- made(新建的)
6)名词词干十形容词词干
life- long(终生的) world- famous(世界闻名的)
7)名词词干十现在分词词干 peace- loving(爱好和平的) mouth- watering(令人垂涎的)
8)名词词干十过去分词词干 snow- covered(白雪复盖的) hand- made(手工的)
9)数词词干+名词十 ed four- storeyed(四层的) three- legged(三条腿的)
10)数词词干十名词词干
ten- year(十年的) two- man(二人的)
副词
l.副词的分类
副词修饰动词、形容词、其他副词、全句或名词调组及介词．副词一般可分为以下几类：
1)时间副词，例如： now，usually，often，always等．
2)地点副词，例如： here，there，out，everywhere等.
3)方式副词，例如： hard，well，fast，slowly等．
4)程度副词，例如： very，much，still，almost等．
5)疑问副词，例如： how，When，why，where等．
6)关系副词，例如：when，where，why等．
7)连接副词，例如： Whether，why when，how等．
2.副词的位置
l)时间副词和地点副词的位置一般放在句尾。如果这两种副词同时出现在句中，则把地点副词放在时间副词前面，也可把时间副词放在句首．例如：
They went boating in Zhongshan Park yesterday．
Yesterday the went boating in Zhongshan Park．
但表示不确定时间的副词通常放在行为动词之前，放在情态动词、助动词和 to be之后．这些副词有，always，seldom，often，never，rarely等．例如：
We should always work hard.
We are never late.
He often comes late.
2)程度副词一般放在被修饰词之前( enough例外)．如：
He is very careful．
You are old enough to do this．
3)方式副词修饰不及物动词时放在被修饰词之后，修饰及物动词时，放在被修饰的动词之前或宾词之后，如宾语较长，也可把副词放在动词与宾语之间．例如：
He works hard.
He speaks English very well．
Mr Wang wrote carefully some letters to his friends．
4)副词修饰名词时，一般放在该名词之后；修饰介词时(如 well，right，just，soon等)，放在该介词前；副词修饰全句时，一般放在句首，例如：
The person there is looking for you．
There’s the house，right in front of you．
Truly he will go to Shanghai．
3．副词的作用
副词在句中作状语、表语、定语和宾语补足语．例如：
I worked in Beijing almost for three years．(状语)
Time is up. (表语)
The building there looks very grand．(定语)
Let the dog out．(宾语补足语)
注意：有些副词有两种形式，一个与形容词同形，一个以 ly结尾，但它们的含义是不同的．例如：
l) close接近地 closely仔细地，密切地
2) free免费地 freely自由地，无拘束地
3) hard努力地 harely几乎不
4) late晚，迟 lately近来
5) most极，非常 mostly主要地
6) wide广阔地，充分地 widely广泛地
7) high高 highly高度地，非常地
8) deep深，迟 deeply抽象意义的“深”
9) loud大声地
loudly大声地(含有喧闹的意思)
10) near邻近 nearly几乎
几组词的用法比较：
1) ago与 before
ago表示以现在为起点的“以前”；before指以过去或将来的某时刻“以前”．泛指“以前”，用 before而不用 ago。
l started working in the school three years ago．
Last year he left the army that he had joined eighteen years before．
We (have) never met them before (没有具体时间，两种时态都可以)
2) very与 much
①very修饰形容词或副词的原级，much修饰形容词或副词的比较级，修饰动词要用 much或 very much．例如：
very good，very well；much better
I like this film very much．
② very修饰用作形容词的现在分词．例如：
very interesting，very，exciting，very satisfying等．
③very修饰某些习惯上已被用作形容词(不管是作表语还是作定语)的过去分词．例如：
a very pleased look，a very delingted boy，
He is very tired．My English is very limited．
这类词有：frightened，disappointed，satisfied，excited，interested，pleased，surprised，troubled，upset，worried等．但若用在 by句中，就该用much来修饰．
④much可以修饰动词，very则不能．修饰动词时应注意 much或 very much的位置．例如：
I enjoyed the concert (very) much．
I (very) much enjoyed the concert．
⑤在英国，只能用作表语的某些形容词例如：alive，alone，afraid，ashamed等前用 much或 very much来修饰，但在美国，往往用 very，如“ very afraid”．
⑥在不能确定的时候，用 much往往比 very妥当。
3) already，yet，still
①already表示某事已经发生；yet表示期待某事发生；still表示某事还在进行，主要用于肯定句．例如：
He’s already finished his work．
He hasn’t finished his work yet．
Are you still learning French?
②already和yet可用于疑问句，但含义不同．
Have you met Mr Wang yet? (= up to this moment)
你(到目前为止)见过王先生没有?(一般性问句)
Have you already (= sooner than expected) met Mr Wang?
你(竟然)已经见到过王先生了吗?(表示出乎意料)
4) too；also，either
too和 also用于肯定句，too多用于口语，also多用于书面语，either用于否定句．
You like to play football． I like to play football too．( I also like to Playfootball．)
I don’t like to play football，and I don’t like to play basketball either.
5) so．．． that与 such．. ． that
①so… that和 such… that都作“如此…以致”解，that引导结果状语从句．常见句型如下
so 形容词 + that
副词
such十 a／ an(形容词)单数可数名词
(形容词)十复数可数名词 十 that
(形容词)十不可数名词
② such… that和 so… that有时可以换用，条件是 such所修饰的名词必须是一个单数可数名词，且该名词前还带有表性质的形容词．转变公式如下：
such a／an 十形容词十名词 so 十形容词十 a／an十名词．例： He is such a good student that we all like him． He is so good a student that we all like him. 但是如果是不可数名词或复数可数名词，则只能用 such而不能用 so修饰．如： It was such bad weather that he had to stay at home.
③如果复数名词前有 many、few，不可数名词前有 much、little等表示量的形容词时，该用 so而不用 such．如：
I’ve had so many falls that I’m black and blue all over．
Mr White got so little money a month that he could hardly keep body
and soul together．
但 little不表示数量而表示“小”的意思时,仍用 such．如：
They are such little children that they cannot clean the house by them-selves．
(三)形容词和副词的比较等级．
形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级，比较级和最高级．
1．原级的构成和用法
l)构成：形容词，副词的原级形式是形容词，副词的原形．
2)用法：表示双方在程度，性质，特征等某方面相等时，用“ as 十原级形容词或副词十 as”的结构；表示双方不相等时，用“ not so (as)十原级形容词或副词十 as”的结构；表示一方是另一方的若干倍时，用“倍数十 as十原级形容词或副词十 as”的结构．
例如：
Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Liu．
This building looks not so (as) high as that one．
Ms．Sun speaks English as fluently as you．
This room is three times as large as that one.
2．比较级和最高级的构成和用法
1)比较级和最高级的构成：
①单音节形容词以及少数以- er，- ow结尾的形容词和副词加“ er”，“ est”．例如：
great greater greatest
narrow narrower narrowest
fast faster fastest
clever cleverer cleverest
②以 e结尾的单音节形容词和副词后以及少数以- ble，- ple结尾的双音节形容词和副词后，加“ r”，“ st”.例如：
large larger largest
able abler ablest
simple simpler simplest
③以一个辅音结尾的单音节形容词，其前的元音字母发短元音时，该辅音字母要双写，然后加“ er”，“ est”.例如：
hot hotter hottest ④以辅音加 y结尾的形容词和少数不是形容词加 ly构成的副词要将 y改为 i，再加“ er”，“est”，例如：
easy easier easiest
early earlier earliest
happy happier happiest
⑤一般双音节词、多音节形容词和副词在原级前加 more或most．例如：
beautiful more beautiful most beautiful
carefully more carefully most carefully
⑥少数单音节形容词也加 more和 most构成比较级和最高级。例如：
tired more tired most tired
pleased more pleased most pleased
⑦下列形容词、副词的比较级和最高级可有两种构成方法．
cruel crueler cruelest
more cruel most cruel
often oftener oftenest
more often most often
strict stricter strictest
more strict most strict
friendly friendlier friendliest
more friendly most friendly
⑧下列形容词，副词的比较级和最高级的构成不规则．
good，well better best
bad, ill worse worst
mant，much more most
little less least
far farther farthest
further furthest
old elder／older eldest／ oldest
2)比较级的用法
①双方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级十 than”的结构表示．例如：
This pen is better than that one.
②表示一方不及另一方时，用“ less十原级十 than”的结构表示．例如：
This room is less beautiful than that one．
③表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较前加表示程度的状语，如：even，a lot，a bit，a little，still，much，far，yet，by far等修饰．例如：
He works even harder than before．
注意：英语的比较级前如无 even，still，或 yet等时，译成汉语时可用“较”或“……一些”或不译出，一般不可用“更”，如：
She is better than she was yesterday．
她比昨天好些了．
Please come earlier tomorrow． 请明天早点来． 注意：by far通常用于强调最高级．用于比较级时，一般放在比较级的后面，如
在前面，应在二者中间加“ the”．如
He is taller by far than his brother.
He is by far the taller of the two brothers.
④表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用“ the 十比较级(主语十谓语)，the 十比
较级(主语十谓语)”的结构．例如：
The harder he works，the happier he feels．
⑤不与其它事物相比,表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级十 and十比较级”的结构．例如：
The weather is getting colder and colder.
The girl becomes more and more beautiful．
⑥某些以一 or结尾的形容词进行比较时，用 to代替 than．(这些词有inferior，superior，junior，senior，prior等．例如：
He is superior to Mr Wang in mathematics．
⑦在比较从句中为了避免重复，我们通常用 that(those)，one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。 that指物，one既可指人，也可指物．that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，而one只能代替可数名词.例如：
The book on the table is more interesting than that on the desk.
A box made of iron is stronger than one made of wood．
⑧表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型：
A) A is three(four，ete) times the size(height，length，width，ete) of B．例如；
The new building is four times the size( the height) of the old one．这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大(四倍高)。(这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍[高三倍])．
B) A is three(four，etc) times as big(high，long，wide，etc．) as B．例如：
Asia is four times as lareg as Europe，亚洲是欧洲的四倍大．(亚洲比欧洲大三倍．)
C) A is three(four，etc．) times bigger ( higher，longer，wider，etc．) than B．例如：
Your school is three times bigger than ours，你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍．(你们的学校是我们学校的四倍大．)
用 times表示倍数，一般只限于表示包括基数在内三倍或三倍以上的数．表示两倍可以用 twice或 double
3)最高级的用法
①三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“ the十最高级”的结构表示．这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语．例如：
Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three．
He works (the) hardest in his class.
②最高级可被序数词以及 much，by far，nearly，almost，by no means，not quite，not really，nothing like等词语所修饰. 例如： This hat is by far／much／nearly／almost／not nearly／by no means/not quite／nothing like the biggest． How much did the second most expensive hat coat?
③表示“最高程度”的形容词，如 excellent，extreme，perfect等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级．
④形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时，被修饰的词往往省略．
He is the tallest(boy) in his class．
⑤作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词．例如
0f all the boys he came(the) earliest．
[练习]
1. What he said just now sounded ______，I think.
A．quite perfectly B．nice and interesting
C. nice or polite D. nicely and friendly
2. Do you enjoy listening to records? I find records are often ______ or better than an actual performance．
A．as good as B．as good C．good D．good as
3. Last night we met with _____ rain at the station．
A．a quite heavy B．too heavy a
C．such heavy a D．a so heavy
4．After having gone ______ far，George did not want to turn back．
A．enough B. much C．such D．that
5．Which is ______ book，the new one or the old one?
A．better B．the better C．best D．the best
6．The old gentleman has _______ been to the Great Wall before，has he?
A．always B．already C．ever D．not
7．They have produced _____ they did last year.
A．twice more grain as B．twice as much grain as
C．twice as many grain as D．as twice many grain as
8. It is said that the film is ______ seeing．
A．very worth B．quite worthy of
C．well worth D．rather worthy of
9．Miss Yang wears the ______ skirt as you，but ___ from Miss Xiao’s．
A．similar; differently B．same；different
C．different；same D. same；differently
10．There are ______ books in our library than in your library．
A．many more B．more many C．much more D．more much
11．The lecture was so ______ that all the people in the hall were _____ ．
A．moving；exciting B．moving；excited
C．moved；excited D．moved；excited
12．Smoking is so bad for his health that he doesn’t smoke ____ . A. no longer B. no more C．any longer D．any more
13．The teacher wondered why _____ many students had made
careless mistakes．
A．so；so B．so；such C．such；so D．such；such
14. It is _____ that his English is ______ perfect．
A．sure；very B．right；rather C．exact; fairly D．certain; quite
15．In fact we find it ______to master a foreign language in three weeks．
A．easily B. difficulty C. impossible D．necessary
16. There is ______ to hold the water．
A. nothing big enough B．nothing enough big
C．big enough nothing D．enough big nothing
17. Qingdao is ______ beautiful city in summer．
A．most B．a most C．the most D．much
18．The World cup in France was the biggest ______ football match in the
world．
A．alive B．live C．lively D．living
19．How did it take _______ time in building the house with _____ work
ers?
A．less；fewer B．fewer：less
C．the fewest；the least D．a little；a bit of
20. Mr Wang has never seen ______ place as Disneyland．
A．more beautiful a B．a more beautiful
C．so beautiful a D．such beautiful a
21. My ______ sister who works in the bank is two years _____ than I．
A．younger；older B．older；elder
C．elder；elder D. elder；older
22．China is a large country which is getting ______ .
A．more and more developed
B．more and more developing
C．more developed and more developed
D．more developing and more developing
23. The sports shoes are _____ for me.
A．too a little small B．a little small too
C．too small a little D. a little too small
24. My parents were ______ when I reached home．
A．quite asleep B．sleeping fast
C．sound asleep D. too sleeping
25. ______ , the more he likes it.
A．It is the more dangerous B．It is the most dangerous
C. The more it is dangerous D．The more dangerous it is26. China has a ____ population than ______ in Africa.
A．more；any other country B．more；any country
C．larger；any country D．larger；all the other countries
27. - How did you find your visit to the museum?
- I thoroughly enjoyed it．It was ____ interesting than I had expect- ed．
A．far more B. even much C．so more D．a lot much
28. This is a most beautiful park．I have never seen _____ one before.
A．the best B．the better C．a best D．a better
29. _____ it is to have a picnic by the sea!
A．What a great peasure B．What great pleasure
C，How a great pleasure D．How great pleasure
30．The boy wasn’t ______ at English，but now he does _____ in it．
A. good；good B．well；better C. better; well D．good；better
31．He’d like to sleep with the window _____ at night.
A．open wide B．open widely C. wide open D. opened wide
32. He often keeps _____ newspapers ____ .
A. every day；tidily B．daily；orderly
C．everyday；tidily D．the day；tidy
33．We must leave now，_____ we’ll be late for work．
A．so B．otherwise C．then D. and
34．She smiled to the people around but ____ looked straight ahead，get- ting hold of her husband’ s hand．
A．most B. almost C. mostly D．nearly
35．The guide told us that he would organize some businessmen abroad
______ next week．
A．some time B．sometime C. some times D．sometimes
36．What a wonder! They’ve finished _______ 30％ of the task within one week．
A．no more than B．no less than
C．not more than D．much less than
37．I’ve got _____ work to do on a _____ cold day．
A．much too；much too B．too much; too much
C．too much；much too D．much too；too much
38. - Is he ______ better today?
- Of course.
A．much B．a bit C. any D．even
39．It is wrong ______ to your father like that．
A．for you talking B．for you to talk
C．of you talking D．of you to talk40．The best time to go to Australia is ____ autumn． A．later B．latest C．late D. last41．This is _____ bridge ever built in China. A．longest B．the longer C．the longest D. a longer
42．He knows little of mathematics，and _____ of chemistry.
A．even more B．still less C．no less D．still more
43．Both the women hardly knew their headmaster ______．
A．too B．neither C．either D. also
44．On the bank of the river stands a ______ castle．
A．old big British B．British big old
C. big British old D．big old British
45．When I came back，my wife was not _____ ready for meals．
A．almost B．nearly C．fairly D. hardly
46．The United States，Britain，New Zealand and so on are _____ countries.
A．speaking- English B．English- speaking
C．spoken- English D．English- spoken
47．Which do you like ____，English，Chinese or French?
A．better B．well C．best D. worse
48．- Is the bus stop far from here?
- It’s a quarter’s walk，_____ .
A．more and more B．and so on
C．all together D．more or less
49．When you drive home，you can’ t be ________ careful．
A．very B．too C．so D．only
50．Anyone who has spent time with children knows the difference in the
Way boys and girls respond(反应) to ______ situations，
A． Similar B． alike C． same D．1ikely
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