A force on moving charges particles in the presence of magneticB and electric fieldsE. The electromagnetic field tensor in MKS is given by
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
so the Lorenz force is
(7)
(8)
where q is the charge on a particle, v is its velocity, is the electric potential, and A is the magnetic vector potential. For small speeds (i.e., ) in MKS,
is the electric potential, and A is the magnetic vector potential.
) in MKS,
