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核辐射[Nuclear Radiation] [2005-8-2]
iamet 发表在 Ω〖物理〗
| <P>
Ionizing particles and electromagnetic waves emitted by atoms undergoing <a href="NuclearDecay.html">nuclear decay</a>. Because of its ionizing
nature, nuclear radiation can be detected, can be shielded against, and can cause physiological damage.
<P>
The "absorbed dose" of radiation is measured in units of "<a href="Rad.html">rads</a>" (which is distinct from the unit of
angular measure known as the <a href="http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Radian.html" >radian</a> <img src="http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/images/crossrefs/math.gif" width="12" height="12">) and is given by
<div ALIGN="RIGHT">
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">
<TR VALIGN="MIDDLE"><TD ALIGN="CENTER" NOWRAP><IMG
WIDTH="211" HEIGHT="44" BORDER="0"
SRC="http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/physics/nimg236.gif"></TD>
<TD WIDTH=10 ALIGN="RIGHT">
(1)</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<BR CLEAR="ALL"></DIV>
<P>
The amount of radiation that produces the same damage to humans as 1 <a href="Roentgen.html">Roentgen</a> of 200 kV X-rays is defined as 1
<a href="Rem.html">rem</a> ("roentgen equivalent man). It is the "equivalent absorbed dose"
<div ALIGN="RIGHT">
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">
<TR VALIGN="MIDDLE"><TD ALIGN="CENTER" NOWRAP><IMG
WIDTH="103" HEIGHT="28" BORDER="0"
SRC="http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/physics/nimg237.gif"></TD>
<TD WIDTH=10 ALIGN="RIGHT">
(2)</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<BR CLEAR="ALL"></DIV>
<P>
where RBE is the "relative biological effectiveness."
<P>
<DIV ALIGN="CENTER">
<TABLE CELLPADDING=3 BORDER="1">
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">radiation type</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">RBE</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT"><a href="AlphaRadiation.html">alpha radiation</a></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">10-20</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT"><a href="BetaRadiation.html">beta radiation</a></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">1</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT"><a href="GammaRadiation.html">gamma radiation</a></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">1</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT"><a href="X-Ray.html">X-ray</a></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">1</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">fast neutron</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">10</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">slow neutron</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">5</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
</DIV> |
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