The Liénard-Wiechert potentials for a relativistic electron are given in cgs by






where
is the scalar potential,
is the charge on the electron, R is vector from the retarded position of the electron (i.e., the position at which is was "seen" from position r at time t),
is relativistic beta vector, and A is the magnetic vector potential. In MKS,






where
and
are the permittivity of free space and permeability of free space, respectively.



(1)



(2)
where






(3)



(4)
where


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