is the ratio of the density of the universe to the critical density needed to close the universe,
(1)
Current measurements indicate that
, and it is believed to lie between 0.1 to 10. As time goes on, an
beginning near 1 becomes further away. Only in a flat universe does it remain 1.
(2)
In the friedmann-lemaître cosmological model,

(3)

(4)

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