
is the ratio of the density of the
universe to the critical density needed to close the
universe,

(1)
Current measurements indicate that

, and it is believed to lie between 0.1 to 10. As time goes on, an

beginning near 1 becomes further away. Only in a flat
universe does it remain 1.

(2)
In the
friedmann-lemaître cosmological model,

(3)

(4)
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