A formula that gives the observed surface brightness profile of elliptical galaxies as a function of projected radial distance R,

A modified version is given by Binney and Tremaine (1987, p. 39). Let
be the spherical luminosity density, and
the observed brightness. Then

where a is the core radius, r is the radius, R is the projected radius, and

Then





Let

so

If the density is given by

where
is the mass to luminosity ratio and j(r) is the luminous density, then





The potential energy is therefore






(1)
A modified version is given by Binney and Tremaine (1987, p. 39). Let



(2)
where a is the core radius, r is the radius, R is the projected radius, and

Then





(3)
Let

(4)
so

(5)
If the density is given by

(6)
where




(7)


(8)
The potential energy is therefore



(5)


(10)
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