Passage Four (It Is Bush)
On the 36th day after they had voted, Americans finally learned Wednesday who would be their next president: Governor George W. Bush of Texas.
Vice President Al Gore, his last realistic avenue for legal challenge closed by a U. S. Supreme Court decision late Tuesday, planned to end the contest formally in a televised evening speech of perhaps 10 minutes, advisers said.
They said that Senator Joseph Lieberman, his vice presidential running mate, would first make brief comments. The men would speak from a ceremonial chamber of the Old Executive office Building, to the west of the White House.
The dozens of political workers and lawyers who had helped lead Mr. Gore's unprecedented fight to claw a come-from-behind electoral victory in the pivotal state of Florida were thanked Wednesday and asked to stand down.
"The vice president has directed the recount committee to suspend activities," William Daley, the Gore campaign chairman, said in a written statement.
Mr. Gore authorized that statement after meeting with his wife, Tipper, and with top advisers including Mr. Daley.
He was expected to telephone Mr. Bush during the day. The Bush campaign kept a low profile and moved gingerly, as if to leave space for Mr. Gore to contemplate his next steps.
Yet, at the end of a trying and tumultuous process that had focused world attention on sleepless vote counters across Florida, and on courtrooms form Miami to Tallahassee to Atlanta to Washington the Texas governor was set to become the 43d U. S. president.
The news of Mr. Gore's plans followed the longest and most rancorous dispute over a U. S. presidential election in more than a century, one certain to leave scars in a badly divided country.
It was a bitter ending for Mr. Gore, who had outpolled Mr. Bush nationwide by some 300000 votes, but, without Florida, fell short in the Electoral College by 271votes to 267-the narrowest Electoral College victory since the turbulent election of 1876.
Mr. Gore was said to be distressed by what he and many Democratic activists felt was a partisan decision from the nation's highest court.
The 5-to -4 decision of the Supreme Court held, in essence, that while a vote recount in Florida could be conducted in legal and constitutional fashion, as Mr. Gore had sought, this could not be done by the Dec. 12 deadline for states to select their presidential electors.
James Baker 3rd, the former secretary of state who represented Mr. Bush in the Florida dispute, issued a short statement after the U. S. high court ruling, saying that the governor was "very pleased and gratified."
Mr. Bush was planning a nationwide speech aimed at trying to begin to heal the country's deep, aching and varied divisions. He then was expected to meet with congressional leaders, including Democrats. Dick Cheney, Mr. Bush's ruing mate, was meeting with congressmen Wednesday in Washington.
When Mr. Bush, who is 54, is sworn into office on Jan.20, he will be only the second son of a president to follow his father to the White House, after John Adams and John Quincy Adams in the early 19th century.
Mr. Gore, in his speech, was expected to thank his supporters, defend his hive-week battle as an effort to ensure, as a matter of principle, that every vote be counted, and call for the nation to join behind the new president. He was described by an aide as "resolved and resigned."
While some constitutional experts had said they believed states could present electors as late as Dec. 18, the U. S. high court made clear that it saw no such leeway.
The U.S. high court sent back "for revision" to the Florida court its order allowing recounts but made clear that for all practical purposes the election was over.
In its unsigned main opinion, the court declared, "The recount process, in its features here described, is inconsistent with the minimum procedures necessary to protect the fundamental right of each voter."
That decision, by a court fractured along philosophical lines, left one liberal justice charging that the high court's proceedings bore a political taint.
Justice John Paul Stevens wrote in an angry dissent:" Although we may never know with complete certainty the identity of the winner of this year's presidential election, the identity of the loser is perfectly clear. It is the nation's confidence in the judge as an impartial guardian of the law."
But at the end of five seemingly endless weeks, during which the physical, legal and constitutional machines of the U. S. election were pressed and sorely tested in ways unseen in more than a century, the system finally produced a result, and one most Americans appeared to be willing at lease provisionally to support.
The Bush team welcomed the news with an outward show of restraint and aplomb. The governor's hopes had risen and fallen so many times since Election night, and the legal warriors of each side suffered through so many dramatic reversals, that there was little energy left for celebration.
1. The main idea of this passage is
[A]. Bush's victory in presidential election bore a political taint.
[B]. The process of the American presidential election.
[C]. The Supreme Court plays a very important part in the presidential election.
[D]. Gore is distressed.
2. What does the sentence "as if to leave space for Mr. Gore to contemplate his next step" mean
[A]. Bush hopes Gore to join his administration.
[B]. Bush hopes Gore to concede defeat and to support him.
[C]. Bush hopes Gore to congraduate him.
[D]. Bush hopes Gore go on fighting with him.
3. Why couldn't Mr. Gore win the presidential election after he outpolled Mr. Bush in the popular vote? Because
[A]. the American president is decided by the supreme court's decision.
[B]. people can't directly elect their president.
[C]. the American president is elected by a slate of presidential electors.
[D]. the people of each state support Mr. Bush.
4. What was the result of the 5-4 decision of the supreme court?
[A]. It was in fact for the vote recount.
[B]. It had nothing to do with the presidential election.
[C]. It decided the fate of the winner.
[D]. It was in essence against the vote recount.
5. What did the "turbulent election of 1876" imply?
[A]. The process of presidential election of 2000 was the same as that.
[B]. There were great similarities between the two presidential elections (2000 and 1876).
[C]. It was compared to presidential election of 2000.
[D]. It was given an example.
Vocabulary
1. avenue 通向成功/获取成功的途径/手段
2. running mate 竞选伙伴，3. 如作为总统的竞选伙伴，4. 获胜后为副总统
5. pivotal 重要的，6. 枢纽的
7. gingerly=carefully 小心翼翼地
8. tumultuous 吵闹的，9. 骚动的，10. 激动的
11. rancorous 充满仇恨的
12. elector 总统选举团成员
13. elector college 美国选举总统的选举团
14. leeway 风压差，15. 余地
16. for all practical purpose 事实上，17. 实际
18. fracture 断裂，19. 折断
20. taint 污点，21. 败坏，22. 感染
23. dissent 不同24. 意，25. 异议
26. provisionally 暂时的，27. 临时的
28. aplomb 镇静，29. 沉着
30. restraint 抑制，31. 克制，32. 谨慎
难句译注
1. stand down 退出竞争/竞选，辞职，推出法庭。这里指戈尔感谢这些竞争支持者后，就退出竞选。此短语的对立面是stand for 竞选。 Ex: to stand for parliament 竞选国会议员。
2. The Bush campaign kept a low profile and moved gingerly, as if to leave space for Mr. Gore to contemplate his next steps.
[结构简析] profile 外形，轮廓，外观。Low profile 低姿态，不出头露面，不惹人注意。High profile 鲜明的姿态。
3. recount committee 重新计算选票委员会。
4. …one certain to leave scars is a badly divided country.
[结构简析] election 的同位语one (election) which was certain。 Leave scar 留下伤疤。
[参考译文] 人们可以肯定计算问题在这两派分裂的国家上留下伤疤。
5. It was a bitter ending for Mr. Gore, who had outpolled Mr. Bush nationwide by some 300000 votes, but, without Florida, fell short in the Electoral College by 271votes to 267-the narrowest Electoral College victory since the turbulent election of 1876.
[结构简析] outpoll 得到的选票超过某人。Fall short (of) 缺少，不足，达不到。Electoral college 选举团票，指每一个州人民选出一群人组成选举团，由它们直接选举总统。
6. The election of 1876
这是指1876年11月7日美国内战时少将，共和党人，俄亥俄州州长卢瑟福·海因斯，在总统选举结束后，认为自己输给民主党人，纽约州长萨缪尔·莱尔登而安息。可在第二天，因为涉嫌欺骗行为，有争议之州，如佛罗里达，路易斯安娜，南卡罗莱纳重新计票及诉讼。那一年选举结果争议持续了四个月的时间。国会因争议，不得不推迟总统就职时间。到第二年，1877年3月4日，总统就职最后期限的前两天，国会建立了一个两党联合选举委员会：包括八名共和党人和七名民主党人。最后该会把所有争议的选举人票都给了海因斯。结果以185票对莱尔登184张选举团票。海因斯多一票当选为美国第19任总统。2000年的美国总统选举与1876年的很相似。所以句内提及。
7. James Baker 3rd 贝克曾任前共和党总统里根（Ronald Reagen）政府的内阁成员和白宫办公所主任。在小布什父亲的父亲George Bush任总统时又担任过国务卿（1989--1993）。这次他是小布什为重新计票问题在法庭展开斗争的律师代表，而民主党的律师代表似乎克林顿政府中担任过国务卿的克里斯托弗Warren Christopher (1993--1997)。
8. Dick Cheney 切尼是小布什父亲执政时的老臣。他这次出山要以辅弼大臣的资格和经验辅佐朝政。所以报道中提到he will act in the Bush administration as a president in a corporation while George W. Bush as the Chairman of the board of directors.
9. John Adams (1735-1848), 约翰·亚当斯，10. 美国第二任总统（1979--1801），11. 联邦党人，12. Federalist, 是起草独立宣言的关键人物。
13. John Quincy Adams （1767-1848） 美国第六任总统，14. 是上述亚当斯大儿子。
15. resolved and resigned 这里指16. 他的追随者认为戈尔坚定而17. 又顺从（天命），18. 因为戈尔的演说，19. 一方面感谢他们的支持，20. 五星期来保证每张票都应计算的努力是捍卫了原则问题，21. 另一方面也是号召全国支持新总统。
22. It saw no such leeway. 美国高等法院认为这是没有成功的多花时间，23. 金钱的事。和后面句内for all practical purpose the election was over 事实上选举已结束（已成定居），24. 传达了高等法院认为重新计票毫无作用之义。
25. That decision, by a court fractured along philosophical lines, left one liberal justice charging that the high court's proceedings bore a political taint.
[参考译文] 法院这一裁决割裂了哲学思想，使一位自由派法官（司法官）指高等法院程序沾上了政治污点。
26. But at the end of five seemingly endless weeks, during which the physical, legal and constitutional machines of the U. S. election were pressed and sorely tested in ways unseen in more than a century, the system finally produced a result, and one most Americans appeared to be willing at lease provisionally to support.
[参考译文] 经过5个似乎无休止的星期之后，这个制度总算产生了一个结果，一个大多数美国人，至少目前能暂时支持的总统。在这五星期内，有形的，法律的，政体的机器都经受了压力（都很紧张），也经受了一百多年来没有见过的这方面的沉重考验。
写作方法和文章大意
这是一篇报导，其特点先画龙点睛指出中心事实，Bush当选，戈尔退出，然后以对比手法写出胜者和败方的处理方法，前者低调，谨慎，似乎宽容，后者似乎退让，认命，再次选举的经过，特别是最高法院的裁决，决定选举的命运点出胜败之因（因果写法）。小布什的险胜有点类似1876的选举（实例佐证）。
答案祥解
1. A. 布什在总统选举中获胜沾上了政治污点。整篇文章环绕这一点而2. 写。文章一开始就写戈尔在高等法院裁决下退出竞选，3. 再写布什得胜后的低调行动表示对戈尔的期望。仁厚点出271--276选举团票布什的险胜是和全国最高法院的欺诈性裁决有关，4. 这令戈尔痛心疾首，5. 令布什等感恩戴德。最后集中写了高等法院司法程序沾上了政治污点，6. 以及当选之布什的后果--大多数美国人似乎暂时会支持。这一切7. 说明布什胜胜不8. 武，而9. 戈尔却是虽败尤胜。
B. 美国总统选举过程，文章过程的焦点在布什获胜之因，不单单是过程，故B. 项不对。
C. 高等法院在总统选举中起着重要的作用。其作用是欺诈性裁决，偏袒布什获胜，是政治污点，反映了布什的手段。 D. 戈尔很难受，这是事实，但不是中心思想。
10. B. 布什希11. 望戈尔（能退一步）承认失败，12. 并支持他，而13. 戈尔确实是也这样做了。所以他的助手称戈尔为"resolved and resigned." 坚决而14. 又顺从天命的人。至少在他的演讲中号召人们追随新总统。
A. 布什希望戈尔参与他的政府。 C. 布什希望戈尔祝贺他。 D. 布什希望戈尔继续和他斗下去。
15. C. 美国的总统由选举团提名16. 选举产生。见难句译注5和6。
A. 美国总统由高等法院裁决。 B. 人民不能直接选举总统。这只是第一步的原因，主要原因在C. D. 各州人民支持布什。
17. D. 其结果实质上就是反对重新计票。这在第十二段阐述得很清楚：高等法院5比4之裁决实质上就是重新计票在12月12日州选举总统选举团的最后一天之前是不18. 能进行的，而19. 戈尔曾认为弗罗里达州可以法律和宪法的形式重新计票。总统选举团一产生。总统由选举团提名20. 选举产生，21. 那么重新计票与否对总统选举实际上是毫无作用，22. 所以说5比4裁决12月12日之前……实质上就是反对重新计票。
A. 其结果实际上是支持重新计票。不对。 B. 其结果和总统选举毫无关系，不对，关系很大，见D项注释。 C. 其结果决定胜者的命运。
23. B. 它隐射2000年的总统选举和1876年的总统选举两者之间有着很大的相似之处。见难句译注6，24. 海因斯认为输了，25. 正准备26. 放弃，27. 谁知涉嫌欺骗行为，28. 对有争议的州进行重新计票。结果是海因斯以一票之差险胜。重新计票以及险胜都和2000年总统选举相似，29. 其它方面，30. 如以为输而31. 没有输，32. 重新计票州多而33. 且起到作用等……，34. 都和2000年选举不同，35. 所以只能选B项，36. A项完全一样是错误的。
A. 两者选举总统过程一个样。 C. 把1876年总统选举比作2000年的总统选举。 D. 作为例子给出。 这里没有说明。
Passage Five (Women's Positions in the 17th Century)
Social circumstances in Early Modern England mostly served to repress women's voices. Patriarchal culture and institutions constructed them as chaste, silent, obedient, and subordinate. At the beginning of the 17th century, the ideology of patriarchy, political absolutism, and gender hierarchy were reaffirmed powerfully by King James in The Trew Law of Free Monarchie and the Basilikon Doron; by that ideology the absolute power of God the supreme patriarch was seen to be imaged in the absolute monarch of the state and in the husband and father of a family. Accordingly, a woman's subjection, first to her father and then to her husband, imaged the subjection of English people to their monarch, and of all Christians to God. Also, the period saw an outpouring of repressive or overtly misogynist sermons, tracts, and plays, detailing women's physical and mental defects, spiritual evils, rebelliousness, shrewish ness, and natural inferiority to men.
Yet some social and cultural conditions served to empower women. During the Elizabethan era (1558-1603) the culture was dominated by a powerful Queen, who provided an impressive female example though she left scant cultural space for other women. Elizabethan women writers began to produce original texts but were occupied chiefly with translation. In the 17th century, however, various circumstances enabled women to write original texts in some numbers. For one thing, some counterweight to patriarchy was provided by female communities-mothers and daughters, extended kinship networks, close female friends, the separate court of Queen Anne (King James' consort) and her often oppositional masques and political activities. For another, most of these women had a reasonably good education (modern languages, history, literature, religion, music, occasionally Latin) and some apparently found in romances and histories more expansive terms for imagining women's lives. Also, representation of vigorous and rebellious female characters in literature and especially on the stage no doubt helped to undermine any monolithic social construct of women's mature and role.
Most important, perhaps, was the radical potential inherent in the Protestant insistence on every Christian's immediate relationship with God and primary responsibility to follow his or her individual conscience. There is plenty of support in St Paul's epistles and elsewhere in the Bible for patriarchy and a wife's subjection to her husband, but some texts (notably Galatians 3:28) inscribe a very different politics, promoting women's spiritual equality: "There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither bond nor free, there is neither male nor female: for ye are all one in Jesus Christ." Such texts encouraged some women to claim the support of God the supreme patriarch against the various earthly patriarchs who claimed to stand toward them in his stead.
There is also the gap or slippage between ideology and common experience. English women throughout the 17th century exercised a good deal of accrual power: as managers of estates in their husbands' absences at court or on military and diplomatic missions; as members of guilds; as wives and mothers who apex during the English Civil War and Interregnum (1640-60) as the execution of the King and the attendant disruption of social hierarchies led many women to seize new roles-as preachers, as prophetesses, as deputies for exiled royalist husbands, as writers of religious and political tracts.
1. What is the best title for this passage?
[A]. Women's Position in the 17th Century.
[B]. Women's Subjection to Patriarchy.
[C]. Social Circumstances in the 17th Century.
[D]. Women's objection in the 17th Century.
2. What did the Queen Elizabeth do for the women in culture?
[A]. She set an impressive female example to follow.
[B]. She dominated the culture.
[C]. She did little.
[D]. She allowed women to translate something.
3. Which of the following is Not mention as a reason to enable women to original texts?
[A].Female communities provided some counterweight to patriarchy.
[B]. Queen Anne's political activities.
[C]. Most women had a good education.
[D]. Queen Elizabeth's political activities.
4. What did the religion so for the women?
[A]. It did nothing.
[B]. It too asked women to be obedient except some texts.
[C]. It supported women.
[D]. It appealed to the God.
Vocabulary
1. repress 压制，2. 镇压，3. 约束
4. patriarchy 族长制，5. 家长制
6. chaste 贞洁的，7. 高雅的
8. hierarchy 等级制
9. monarch 君主，10. 最高统治
11. image 象征，12. 反映
13. overtly 公开的，14. 明显的
15. outpour 倾泻
16. sermon 布道，17. 说教
18. tract 政治宗教，19. 小册子传单
20. misogynist 反对妇女
21. shrewish 泼妇似的，22. 爱骂街的
23. counterweight 抗衡
24. consort 配偶
25. masque 化装舞会
26. monolithic 铁板一样的，27. 磐石般的
28. epistle 圣经·新约中的使徒书
29. Galatians 新约圣经中加拉太书
30. inscribe 写，31. 题写，32. 铭记
难句译注
1. Also, the period saw an outpouring of repressive or overtly misogynist sermons, tracts, and plays, detailing women's physical and mental defects, spiritual evils, rebelliousness, shrewish ness, and natural inferiority to men.
[结构简析] 这是一种句型，年代，时间+see, find 等动词+宾语。
[参考译文] 这一时期出来许多约束或明显反对妇女的布道（教义），小册子和戏剧，详细地描述了妇女精神上和肉体上的缺陷，精神罪恶，叛逆，凶狠，天生低于男人的品性。
2. Such texts encouraged some women to claim the support of God the supreme patriarch against the various earthly patriarchs who claimed to stand toward them in his stead.
[结构简析] in one's stead 代替某人。
[参考译文] 这样的版本鼓励有些妇女去寻求最高家长，上帝的支持，以对抗各种各样凡间家长，他们声称替代上帝对付她们。
写作方法与文章大意
文章论述了17世纪英国妇女的地位，采用对比写作手法。一方面（第一段）英皇詹姆士重新以法律形式确定：家长制的思想体系，政治上集权主义，性别等级制。而思想意识是上帝的绝对权威；最高等级制体现在绝对君主政权上，体现在家庭的父亲和丈夫身上。所以妇女先对父亲，后对丈夫的服从体现了英国臣民对君权，全体基督徒对上帝的服从。那时代造就的妇女都是贞洁，沉默，服从，低下。
另方面，某些社会和文化因素赋予妇女以力量，首先是女皇伊丽莎白统治的时期，她本身就是一个强有力的榜样。其次一些妇女亲情关系，以及安娜女皇的分庭抗礼统治活动和舞会。再则是大多数活动妇女都受过良好教育。最重要的是有些圣经文本鼓吹妇女精神平等。
最后一段论述了英国妇女实际上有的已经掌握实权，如丈夫公务，他们管理庄园田产。
答案祥解
1. A. 17世纪英国妇女地位。见上面文章大意。
B. 妇女服从于家族制。 D. 17世纪妇女的反抗，都是A.内容中的一部分，不能作为最佳标题。 C. 17世纪英国社会形式，只能作为背景出现。
2. C. 她没有做什么。英女皇伊丽莎白在位时期间在文化上并没有妇女做过什么。这在第二段讲得很清楚。"伊丽莎白统治时期（1558--1603），3. 文化领域为强有里女皇所控制，4. 她本人确实树立了令人难忘的妇女形象，5. 可是她并没有为其它妇女能够创作一些东西。"见前面列出之原因和下一道题的A. B. C.
6. D. 伊丽莎白女皇的政治活动。这文内没有提及。
A. 妇女亲情网对家长制进行抗衡。 B. 安娜女皇的政治活动。 C. 大多数妇女都受过良好教育。这三项在第二段中都提到。"首先，妇女亲情关系，如母亲，女儿，他们的亲戚网，好友；安娜女皇单独的宫殿，她那对立的化装舞会和政治活动都和族长制予以抗衡。"
7. B. 除了某些文本外，8. 它也要求妇女服9. 从。第一段，10. 见上述内容。第三段集中论述这一点。"也许，11. 最重要的是基督教固有潜在激进性。它坚持主张每个基督徒和上帝的直接关系，12. 坚持人首先责任是服13. 从她或他的良知。在圣·保罗使徒书以及在别的圣经中有许多对家长制，14. 妻子对丈夫的服15. 从支持。可是有些文本镌刻着一种完全不同16. 的政治观点，17. 鼓吹妇女精神平等："人没有犹太和希18. 腊之分，19. 没有束缚或自由之分，20. 没有男女之分，21. 因为在耶酥基督面前，22. 你们都是一样。"
A. 它什么也没有做。不对。 C. 它支持妇女。也不对，只有某些版本支持。 D. 它求助于上帝。它借上帝之名压制妇女。第一段："因此，妇女首先服从父亲，然后服从丈夫，体现了（象征）英国人民服从他们的君主，所有基督徒服从上帝。"
Passage Six (The Present Is the Most Important)
Shams and delusions are esteemed for soundest truths, while reality is fabulous. If men would steadily observe realities only, and not allow themselves to be deluded, life, to compare it with such things as we know, would be like a fairy tale and the Arabian Nights' Entertainments. If we respected only what is inevitable and has a right to be , music and poetry would resound along the streets. When we are unhurried and wise, we perceive that only great and worthy things have any permanent and absolute existence, --that petty fears and petty pleasure are but the shadow of reality. This is always exhilarating and sublime. By closing the eyes and slumbering, by consenting to be deceived by shows, men establish and confirm their daily life of routine and habit everywhere, which still is built on purely illusory foundation. Children, who play life, discern its true law and relations more clearly than men, who fail to live worthily, but who think that they are wiser by experience, that is, by failure. I have read in a Hindoo book, that "there was a king's son, who, being expelled in infancy from his native city, was brought up by a forester, and, growing up to maturity in that state, imagined himself to belong to the barbarous race with which be lived. One of his father's ministers having discovered him, revealed to him what he was, and the misconception of his character was removed, and he knew himself to be a prince. So soul, from the circumstances in which it is placed, mistakes its own character, until the truth is revealed to it by some holy teacher, and then it knows itself to be Brahme." We think that that is which appears to be. If a man should give us an account of the realities he beheld, we should not recognize the place in his description. Look at a meeting-house, or a court-house, or a jail, or a shop. Or a dwelling-house, and say what that thing really is before a true gaze, and they would all go to pieces in your account of them. Men esteem truth remote, in the outskirts of the system, behind the farthest star, before Adam and after the last man. In eternity there is indeed something true and sublime. But all these times and places and occasions are now and here. God himself culminates in the present moment, and will never be more divine in the lapse of all ages. And we are enabled to apprehend at all what is sublime and noble only by the perpetual instilling and drenching of the reality that surrounds us. The universe constantly and obediently answers to our conceptions; whether we travel fast or slow, the track is laid for us. Let us spend our lives in conceiving then. The poet or the artist never yet had as fair and noble a design but some of his posterity at least could accomplish it.
1. The writer's attitude toward the arts is one of
[A]. admiration. [B]. indifference. [C]. suspicion. [D]. repulsion
2. The author believes that a child.
[A]. should practice what the Hindoos preach.
[B]. frequently faces vital problems better than grownups do.
[C]. hardly ever knows his true origin.
[D]. is incapable of appreciating the arts.
3. The author is primarily concerned with urging the reader to
[A]. look to the future for enlightenment. [B]. appraise the present for its true value.
[C]. honor the wisdom of the past ages. [D]. spend more time in leisure activities.
4. The passage is primarily concerned with problem of
[A]. history and economics. [B]. society and population.
[C]. biology and physics. [D]. theology and philosophy.
Vocabulary
1. sham 虚伪
2. delusion 欺骗
3. fabulous 荒诞无稽的，不存在的
4. exhilarating 令人高兴的
5. sublime 崇高的
6. slumber 睡眠
7. Hindoo 印度
8. Brahma 婆罗门（贵族）
9. come, fall, go to pieces 崩溃，垮台
10. culminate 达到顶点
11. lapse 时间的推移/消逝
12. apprehend 领悟，理解
13. instill （慢慢地）滴注，灌输
14. drench 浸泡，使湿透
15. posterity 子孙后代
16. look to 指望，注意
难句译注
1. If men would steadily observe realities only, and not allow themselves to be deluded, life, to compare it with such things as we know, would be like a fairy tale and the Arabian Nights' Entertainments.
[结构简析] 虚拟条件句，主句中to compare it with… know是插入语，也有假设之意。
[参考译文] 如果人们坚持只观察现实，不让自己被蒙蔽，那么生活，把它和我们知道的事情相比较，就象神话，象一千零一夜中描述的一切。
2. When we are unhurried and wise, we perceive that only great and worthy things have any permanent and absolute existence, --that petty fears and petty pleasure are but the shadow of reality.
[结构简析] 主句中两个that. 第一个是perceive 的宾语从句。破折号的第二个 that从句是说明，对比前一个that 句。
[参考译文] 在我们冷静和明智时，我们会感到只有伟大的和有价值的东西才能永恒绝对地存在，而那些微不足道的恐惧和欢乐仅仅是现实的阴影而已。
3. By closing the eyes and slumbering, by consenting to be deceived by shows, men establish and confirm their daily life of routine and habit everywhere, which still is built on purely illusory foundation.
[参考译文] 闭上眼睛，昏昏欲睡，允许自己被表面现象所蒙蔽，人们通过这些手段来建立和确定他们的生活日程和各种习惯。这仍然是建立在幻（觉）想基础上的东西。
4. So soul, from the circumstances in which it is placed, mistakes its own character, until the truth is revealed to it by some holy teacher, and then it knows itself to be Brahme."
[结构简析] from the circumstances in which … ，介词短语+定从，实际上都是修饰mistake
[参考译文] 从它所处的环境中出发，灵魂把自己的身份搞错了。直到某个神圣的先生揭示的事实，那时它才知道自己是个贵族。
5. We think that that is which appears to be.
[结构简析] 第一个that 是引导think的宾语从句的连接词，第二个that 是代词，作宾从中的主语，指上述"灵魂"整个句子。
[参考译文] 我们想那就是看起来那个样子（情况似乎就是那样）。
写作方法与文章大意
这是一篇从哲学角度探讨人应重视现实的论说文。采用以对比，具体实例说明的写作手法。先用虚伪和欺骗被尊为至高无上的真理一事，跟正视现实，尊重必然的东西对比，引出后者是美好生活的来源。再以大人和孩子对比，孩子更能分辨生活的规律。最后从过去，未来和现在对比，人们对过去认为就是这么一回事，崇拜遥远的一切。作者提醒人们--此时此地的现实是最重要的。
答案祥解
1. A. 钦佩。本文第三句"如果我们只尊重必然的东西，尊重有权威为必然的东西，那么音乐和诗歌会重新在街上唱诵。"本文最后一句"虽然诗人或艺术从来没有如此美好和崇高的设想，但他们有些后代至少会达到这一步的。"还有难句译注1。这些都说明作者对艺术视为崇高和美好，不是被蒙蔽的东西。
B. 漠不关心。 C. 怀疑的。 D. 排斥。多不对。
2. B. 孩子们常常比成人更好地棉队各种问题。本文第七句"孩子们游戏生活（整天只知道玩儿），却比难以很好的生活的成人们更清楚的分辨出显示生活的真正规律和种种关系。"
A. 孩子应当实践印度布道宣传的东西。 C. 几乎对其真实出身一无所知。这是讲王子的事情，不是一般孩子。 D. 难以欣赏艺术。并未提及。
3. B. 珍视目前的真正价值。这在文章倒数第五句"永恒中，确实有真实和崇高的东西存在。但是所有这一切时间，地点，机遇都是在此时此地。上帝本身在现时达到了顶峰。在今后流逝的岁月中，它绝不会更加神圣崇高。我们只有长期不断地灌输和浸润在周围现实之中，才能理解什么是崇高和神圣的东西。不论我们的步伐快还是慢，路线已为我铺定。那就让我们的生命在体会感受中度过。"作者强调现实才是人们应该抓住的。
A. 指望未来给予启迪。 C. 尊重过去的智慧。 D. 在悠闲的活动中花更多的时间。
4. D. 神学和哲学。整篇文章都传递了这两个内容，特别是哲学推理论说。
A. 历史和经济学。 B. 社会和人口。 C. 生物和物理。
On the 36th day after they had voted, Americans finally learned Wednesday who would be their next president: Governor George W. Bush of Texas.
Vice President Al Gore, his last realistic avenue for legal challenge closed by a U. S. Supreme Court decision late Tuesday, planned to end the contest formally in a televised evening speech of perhaps 10 minutes, advisers said.
They said that Senator Joseph Lieberman, his vice presidential running mate, would first make brief comments. The men would speak from a ceremonial chamber of the Old Executive office Building, to the west of the White House.
The dozens of political workers and lawyers who had helped lead Mr. Gore's unprecedented fight to claw a come-from-behind electoral victory in the pivotal state of Florida were thanked Wednesday and asked to stand down.
"The vice president has directed the recount committee to suspend activities," William Daley, the Gore campaign chairman, said in a written statement.
Mr. Gore authorized that statement after meeting with his wife, Tipper, and with top advisers including Mr. Daley.
He was expected to telephone Mr. Bush during the day. The Bush campaign kept a low profile and moved gingerly, as if to leave space for Mr. Gore to contemplate his next steps.
Yet, at the end of a trying and tumultuous process that had focused world attention on sleepless vote counters across Florida, and on courtrooms form Miami to Tallahassee to Atlanta to Washington the Texas governor was set to become the 43d U. S. president.
The news of Mr. Gore's plans followed the longest and most rancorous dispute over a U. S. presidential election in more than a century, one certain to leave scars in a badly divided country.
It was a bitter ending for Mr. Gore, who had outpolled Mr. Bush nationwide by some 300000 votes, but, without Florida, fell short in the Electoral College by 271votes to 267-the narrowest Electoral College victory since the turbulent election of 1876.
Mr. Gore was said to be distressed by what he and many Democratic activists felt was a partisan decision from the nation's highest court.
The 5-to -4 decision of the Supreme Court held, in essence, that while a vote recount in Florida could be conducted in legal and constitutional fashion, as Mr. Gore had sought, this could not be done by the Dec. 12 deadline for states to select their presidential electors.
James Baker 3rd, the former secretary of state who represented Mr. Bush in the Florida dispute, issued a short statement after the U. S. high court ruling, saying that the governor was "very pleased and gratified."
Mr. Bush was planning a nationwide speech aimed at trying to begin to heal the country's deep, aching and varied divisions. He then was expected to meet with congressional leaders, including Democrats. Dick Cheney, Mr. Bush's ruing mate, was meeting with congressmen Wednesday in Washington.
When Mr. Bush, who is 54, is sworn into office on Jan.20, he will be only the second son of a president to follow his father to the White House, after John Adams and John Quincy Adams in the early 19th century.
Mr. Gore, in his speech, was expected to thank his supporters, defend his hive-week battle as an effort to ensure, as a matter of principle, that every vote be counted, and call for the nation to join behind the new president. He was described by an aide as "resolved and resigned."
While some constitutional experts had said they believed states could present electors as late as Dec. 18, the U. S. high court made clear that it saw no such leeway.
The U.S. high court sent back "for revision" to the Florida court its order allowing recounts but made clear that for all practical purposes the election was over.
In its unsigned main opinion, the court declared, "The recount process, in its features here described, is inconsistent with the minimum procedures necessary to protect the fundamental right of each voter."
That decision, by a court fractured along philosophical lines, left one liberal justice charging that the high court's proceedings bore a political taint.
Justice John Paul Stevens wrote in an angry dissent:" Although we may never know with complete certainty the identity of the winner of this year's presidential election, the identity of the loser is perfectly clear. It is the nation's confidence in the judge as an impartial guardian of the law."
But at the end of five seemingly endless weeks, during which the physical, legal and constitutional machines of the U. S. election were pressed and sorely tested in ways unseen in more than a century, the system finally produced a result, and one most Americans appeared to be willing at lease provisionally to support.
The Bush team welcomed the news with an outward show of restraint and aplomb. The governor's hopes had risen and fallen so many times since Election night, and the legal warriors of each side suffered through so many dramatic reversals, that there was little energy left for celebration.
1. The main idea of this passage is
[A]. Bush's victory in presidential election bore a political taint.
[B]. The process of the American presidential election.
[C]. The Supreme Court plays a very important part in the presidential election.
[D]. Gore is distressed.
2. What does the sentence "as if to leave space for Mr. Gore to contemplate his next step" mean
[A]. Bush hopes Gore to join his administration.
[B]. Bush hopes Gore to concede defeat and to support him.
[C]. Bush hopes Gore to congraduate him.
[D]. Bush hopes Gore go on fighting with him.
3. Why couldn't Mr. Gore win the presidential election after he outpolled Mr. Bush in the popular vote? Because
[A]. the American president is decided by the supreme court's decision.
[B]. people can't directly elect their president.
[C]. the American president is elected by a slate of presidential electors.
[D]. the people of each state support Mr. Bush.
4. What was the result of the 5-4 decision of the supreme court?
[A]. It was in fact for the vote recount.
[B]. It had nothing to do with the presidential election.
[C]. It decided the fate of the winner.
[D]. It was in essence against the vote recount.
5. What did the "turbulent election of 1876" imply?
[A]. The process of presidential election of 2000 was the same as that.
[B]. There were great similarities between the two presidential elections (2000 and 1876).
[C]. It was compared to presidential election of 2000.
[D]. It was given an example.
Vocabulary
1. avenue 通向成功/获取成功的途径/手段
2. running mate 竞选伙伴，3. 如作为总统的竞选伙伴，4. 获胜后为副总统
5. pivotal 重要的，6. 枢纽的
7. gingerly=carefully 小心翼翼地
8. tumultuous 吵闹的，9. 骚动的，10. 激动的
11. rancorous 充满仇恨的
12. elector 总统选举团成员
13. elector college 美国选举总统的选举团
14. leeway 风压差，15. 余地
16. for all practical purpose 事实上，17. 实际
18. fracture 断裂，19. 折断
20. taint 污点，21. 败坏，22. 感染
23. dissent 不同24. 意，25. 异议
26. provisionally 暂时的，27. 临时的
28. aplomb 镇静，29. 沉着
30. restraint 抑制，31. 克制，32. 谨慎
难句译注
1. stand down 退出竞争/竞选，辞职，推出法庭。这里指戈尔感谢这些竞争支持者后，就退出竞选。此短语的对立面是stand for 竞选。 Ex: to stand for parliament 竞选国会议员。
2. The Bush campaign kept a low profile and moved gingerly, as if to leave space for Mr. Gore to contemplate his next steps.
[结构简析] profile 外形，轮廓，外观。Low profile 低姿态，不出头露面，不惹人注意。High profile 鲜明的姿态。
3. recount committee 重新计算选票委员会。
4. …one certain to leave scars is a badly divided country.
[结构简析] election 的同位语one (election) which was certain。 Leave scar 留下伤疤。
[参考译文] 人们可以肯定计算问题在这两派分裂的国家上留下伤疤。
5. It was a bitter ending for Mr. Gore, who had outpolled Mr. Bush nationwide by some 300000 votes, but, without Florida, fell short in the Electoral College by 271votes to 267-the narrowest Electoral College victory since the turbulent election of 1876.
[结构简析] outpoll 得到的选票超过某人。Fall short (of) 缺少，不足，达不到。Electoral college 选举团票，指每一个州人民选出一群人组成选举团，由它们直接选举总统。
6. The election of 1876
这是指1876年11月7日美国内战时少将，共和党人，俄亥俄州州长卢瑟福·海因斯，在总统选举结束后，认为自己输给民主党人，纽约州长萨缪尔·莱尔登而安息。可在第二天，因为涉嫌欺骗行为，有争议之州，如佛罗里达，路易斯安娜，南卡罗莱纳重新计票及诉讼。那一年选举结果争议持续了四个月的时间。国会因争议，不得不推迟总统就职时间。到第二年，1877年3月4日，总统就职最后期限的前两天，国会建立了一个两党联合选举委员会：包括八名共和党人和七名民主党人。最后该会把所有争议的选举人票都给了海因斯。结果以185票对莱尔登184张选举团票。海因斯多一票当选为美国第19任总统。2000年的美国总统选举与1876年的很相似。所以句内提及。
7. James Baker 3rd 贝克曾任前共和党总统里根（Ronald Reagen）政府的内阁成员和白宫办公所主任。在小布什父亲的父亲George Bush任总统时又担任过国务卿（1989--1993）。这次他是小布什为重新计票问题在法庭展开斗争的律师代表，而民主党的律师代表似乎克林顿政府中担任过国务卿的克里斯托弗Warren Christopher (1993--1997)。
8. Dick Cheney 切尼是小布什父亲执政时的老臣。他这次出山要以辅弼大臣的资格和经验辅佐朝政。所以报道中提到he will act in the Bush administration as a president in a corporation while George W. Bush as the Chairman of the board of directors.
9. John Adams (1735-1848), 约翰·亚当斯，10. 美国第二任总统（1979--1801），11. 联邦党人，12. Federalist, 是起草独立宣言的关键人物。
13. John Quincy Adams （1767-1848） 美国第六任总统，14. 是上述亚当斯大儿子。
15. resolved and resigned 这里指16. 他的追随者认为戈尔坚定而17. 又顺从（天命），18. 因为戈尔的演说，19. 一方面感谢他们的支持，20. 五星期来保证每张票都应计算的努力是捍卫了原则问题，21. 另一方面也是号召全国支持新总统。
22. It saw no such leeway. 美国高等法院认为这是没有成功的多花时间，23. 金钱的事。和后面句内for all practical purpose the election was over 事实上选举已结束（已成定居），24. 传达了高等法院认为重新计票毫无作用之义。
25. That decision, by a court fractured along philosophical lines, left one liberal justice charging that the high court's proceedings bore a political taint.
[参考译文] 法院这一裁决割裂了哲学思想，使一位自由派法官（司法官）指高等法院程序沾上了政治污点。
26. But at the end of five seemingly endless weeks, during which the physical, legal and constitutional machines of the U. S. election were pressed and sorely tested in ways unseen in more than a century, the system finally produced a result, and one most Americans appeared to be willing at lease provisionally to support.
[参考译文] 经过5个似乎无休止的星期之后，这个制度总算产生了一个结果，一个大多数美国人，至少目前能暂时支持的总统。在这五星期内，有形的，法律的，政体的机器都经受了压力（都很紧张），也经受了一百多年来没有见过的这方面的沉重考验。
写作方法和文章大意
这是一篇报导，其特点先画龙点睛指出中心事实，Bush当选，戈尔退出，然后以对比手法写出胜者和败方的处理方法，前者低调，谨慎，似乎宽容，后者似乎退让，认命，再次选举的经过，特别是最高法院的裁决，决定选举的命运点出胜败之因（因果写法）。小布什的险胜有点类似1876的选举（实例佐证）。
答案祥解
1. A. 布什在总统选举中获胜沾上了政治污点。整篇文章环绕这一点而2. 写。文章一开始就写戈尔在高等法院裁决下退出竞选，3. 再写布什得胜后的低调行动表示对戈尔的期望。仁厚点出271--276选举团票布什的险胜是和全国最高法院的欺诈性裁决有关，4. 这令戈尔痛心疾首，5. 令布什等感恩戴德。最后集中写了高等法院司法程序沾上了政治污点，6. 以及当选之布什的后果--大多数美国人似乎暂时会支持。这一切7. 说明布什胜胜不8. 武，而9. 戈尔却是虽败尤胜。
B. 美国总统选举过程，文章过程的焦点在布什获胜之因，不单单是过程，故B. 项不对。
C. 高等法院在总统选举中起着重要的作用。其作用是欺诈性裁决，偏袒布什获胜，是政治污点，反映了布什的手段。 D. 戈尔很难受，这是事实，但不是中心思想。
10. B. 布什希11. 望戈尔（能退一步）承认失败，12. 并支持他，而13. 戈尔确实是也这样做了。所以他的助手称戈尔为"resolved and resigned." 坚决而14. 又顺从天命的人。至少在他的演讲中号召人们追随新总统。
A. 布什希望戈尔参与他的政府。 C. 布什希望戈尔祝贺他。 D. 布什希望戈尔继续和他斗下去。
15. C. 美国的总统由选举团提名16. 选举产生。见难句译注5和6。
A. 美国总统由高等法院裁决。 B. 人民不能直接选举总统。这只是第一步的原因，主要原因在C. D. 各州人民支持布什。
17. D. 其结果实质上就是反对重新计票。这在第十二段阐述得很清楚：高等法院5比4之裁决实质上就是重新计票在12月12日州选举总统选举团的最后一天之前是不18. 能进行的，而19. 戈尔曾认为弗罗里达州可以法律和宪法的形式重新计票。总统选举团一产生。总统由选举团提名20. 选举产生，21. 那么重新计票与否对总统选举实际上是毫无作用，22. 所以说5比4裁决12月12日之前……实质上就是反对重新计票。
A. 其结果实际上是支持重新计票。不对。 B. 其结果和总统选举毫无关系，不对，关系很大，见D项注释。 C. 其结果决定胜者的命运。
23. B. 它隐射2000年的总统选举和1876年的总统选举两者之间有着很大的相似之处。见难句译注6，24. 海因斯认为输了，25. 正准备26. 放弃，27. 谁知涉嫌欺骗行为，28. 对有争议的州进行重新计票。结果是海因斯以一票之差险胜。重新计票以及险胜都和2000年总统选举相似，29. 其它方面，30. 如以为输而31. 没有输，32. 重新计票州多而33. 且起到作用等……，34. 都和2000年选举不同，35. 所以只能选B项，36. A项完全一样是错误的。
A. 两者选举总统过程一个样。 C. 把1876年总统选举比作2000年的总统选举。 D. 作为例子给出。 这里没有说明。
Passage Five (Women's Positions in the 17th Century)
Social circumstances in Early Modern England mostly served to repress women's voices. Patriarchal culture and institutions constructed them as chaste, silent, obedient, and subordinate. At the beginning of the 17th century, the ideology of patriarchy, political absolutism, and gender hierarchy were reaffirmed powerfully by King James in The Trew Law of Free Monarchie and the Basilikon Doron; by that ideology the absolute power of God the supreme patriarch was seen to be imaged in the absolute monarch of the state and in the husband and father of a family. Accordingly, a woman's subjection, first to her father and then to her husband, imaged the subjection of English people to their monarch, and of all Christians to God. Also, the period saw an outpouring of repressive or overtly misogynist sermons, tracts, and plays, detailing women's physical and mental defects, spiritual evils, rebelliousness, shrewish ness, and natural inferiority to men.
Yet some social and cultural conditions served to empower women. During the Elizabethan era (1558-1603) the culture was dominated by a powerful Queen, who provided an impressive female example though she left scant cultural space for other women. Elizabethan women writers began to produce original texts but were occupied chiefly with translation. In the 17th century, however, various circumstances enabled women to write original texts in some numbers. For one thing, some counterweight to patriarchy was provided by female communities-mothers and daughters, extended kinship networks, close female friends, the separate court of Queen Anne (King James' consort) and her often oppositional masques and political activities. For another, most of these women had a reasonably good education (modern languages, history, literature, religion, music, occasionally Latin) and some apparently found in romances and histories more expansive terms for imagining women's lives. Also, representation of vigorous and rebellious female characters in literature and especially on the stage no doubt helped to undermine any monolithic social construct of women's mature and role.
Most important, perhaps, was the radical potential inherent in the Protestant insistence on every Christian's immediate relationship with God and primary responsibility to follow his or her individual conscience. There is plenty of support in St Paul's epistles and elsewhere in the Bible for patriarchy and a wife's subjection to her husband, but some texts (notably Galatians 3:28) inscribe a very different politics, promoting women's spiritual equality: "There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither bond nor free, there is neither male nor female: for ye are all one in Jesus Christ." Such texts encouraged some women to claim the support of God the supreme patriarch against the various earthly patriarchs who claimed to stand toward them in his stead.
There is also the gap or slippage between ideology and common experience. English women throughout the 17th century exercised a good deal of accrual power: as managers of estates in their husbands' absences at court or on military and diplomatic missions; as members of guilds; as wives and mothers who apex during the English Civil War and Interregnum (1640-60) as the execution of the King and the attendant disruption of social hierarchies led many women to seize new roles-as preachers, as prophetesses, as deputies for exiled royalist husbands, as writers of religious and political tracts.
1. What is the best title for this passage?
[A]. Women's Position in the 17th Century.
[B]. Women's Subjection to Patriarchy.
[C]. Social Circumstances in the 17th Century.
[D]. Women's objection in the 17th Century.
2. What did the Queen Elizabeth do for the women in culture?
[A]. She set an impressive female example to follow.
[B]. She dominated the culture.
[C]. She did little.
[D]. She allowed women to translate something.
3. Which of the following is Not mention as a reason to enable women to original texts?
[A].Female communities provided some counterweight to patriarchy.
[B]. Queen Anne's political activities.
[C]. Most women had a good education.
[D]. Queen Elizabeth's political activities.
4. What did the religion so for the women?
[A]. It did nothing.
[B]. It too asked women to be obedient except some texts.
[C]. It supported women.
[D]. It appealed to the God.
Vocabulary
1. repress 压制，2. 镇压，3. 约束
4. patriarchy 族长制，5. 家长制
6. chaste 贞洁的，7. 高雅的
8. hierarchy 等级制
9. monarch 君主，10. 最高统治
11. image 象征，12. 反映
13. overtly 公开的，14. 明显的
15. outpour 倾泻
16. sermon 布道，17. 说教
18. tract 政治宗教，19. 小册子传单
20. misogynist 反对妇女
21. shrewish 泼妇似的，22. 爱骂街的
23. counterweight 抗衡
24. consort 配偶
25. masque 化装舞会
26. monolithic 铁板一样的，27. 磐石般的
28. epistle 圣经·新约中的使徒书
29. Galatians 新约圣经中加拉太书
30. inscribe 写，31. 题写，32. 铭记
难句译注
1. Also, the period saw an outpouring of repressive or overtly misogynist sermons, tracts, and plays, detailing women's physical and mental defects, spiritual evils, rebelliousness, shrewish ness, and natural inferiority to men.
[结构简析] 这是一种句型，年代，时间+see, find 等动词+宾语。
[参考译文] 这一时期出来许多约束或明显反对妇女的布道（教义），小册子和戏剧，详细地描述了妇女精神上和肉体上的缺陷，精神罪恶，叛逆，凶狠，天生低于男人的品性。
2. Such texts encouraged some women to claim the support of God the supreme patriarch against the various earthly patriarchs who claimed to stand toward them in his stead.
[结构简析] in one's stead 代替某人。
[参考译文] 这样的版本鼓励有些妇女去寻求最高家长，上帝的支持，以对抗各种各样凡间家长，他们声称替代上帝对付她们。
写作方法与文章大意
文章论述了17世纪英国妇女的地位，采用对比写作手法。一方面（第一段）英皇詹姆士重新以法律形式确定：家长制的思想体系，政治上集权主义，性别等级制。而思想意识是上帝的绝对权威；最高等级制体现在绝对君主政权上，体现在家庭的父亲和丈夫身上。所以妇女先对父亲，后对丈夫的服从体现了英国臣民对君权，全体基督徒对上帝的服从。那时代造就的妇女都是贞洁，沉默，服从，低下。
另方面，某些社会和文化因素赋予妇女以力量，首先是女皇伊丽莎白统治的时期，她本身就是一个强有力的榜样。其次一些妇女亲情关系，以及安娜女皇的分庭抗礼统治活动和舞会。再则是大多数活动妇女都受过良好教育。最重要的是有些圣经文本鼓吹妇女精神平等。
最后一段论述了英国妇女实际上有的已经掌握实权，如丈夫公务，他们管理庄园田产。
答案祥解
1. A. 17世纪英国妇女地位。见上面文章大意。
B. 妇女服从于家族制。 D. 17世纪妇女的反抗，都是A.内容中的一部分，不能作为最佳标题。 C. 17世纪英国社会形式，只能作为背景出现。
2. C. 她没有做什么。英女皇伊丽莎白在位时期间在文化上并没有妇女做过什么。这在第二段讲得很清楚。"伊丽莎白统治时期（1558--1603），3. 文化领域为强有里女皇所控制，4. 她本人确实树立了令人难忘的妇女形象，5. 可是她并没有为其它妇女能够创作一些东西。"见前面列出之原因和下一道题的A. B. C.
6. D. 伊丽莎白女皇的政治活动。这文内没有提及。
A. 妇女亲情网对家长制进行抗衡。 B. 安娜女皇的政治活动。 C. 大多数妇女都受过良好教育。这三项在第二段中都提到。"首先，妇女亲情关系，如母亲，女儿，他们的亲戚网，好友；安娜女皇单独的宫殿，她那对立的化装舞会和政治活动都和族长制予以抗衡。"
7. B. 除了某些文本外，8. 它也要求妇女服9. 从。第一段，10. 见上述内容。第三段集中论述这一点。"也许，11. 最重要的是基督教固有潜在激进性。它坚持主张每个基督徒和上帝的直接关系，12. 坚持人首先责任是服13. 从她或他的良知。在圣·保罗使徒书以及在别的圣经中有许多对家长制，14. 妻子对丈夫的服15. 从支持。可是有些文本镌刻着一种完全不同16. 的政治观点，17. 鼓吹妇女精神平等："人没有犹太和希18. 腊之分，19. 没有束缚或自由之分，20. 没有男女之分，21. 因为在耶酥基督面前，22. 你们都是一样。"
A. 它什么也没有做。不对。 C. 它支持妇女。也不对，只有某些版本支持。 D. 它求助于上帝。它借上帝之名压制妇女。第一段："因此，妇女首先服从父亲，然后服从丈夫，体现了（象征）英国人民服从他们的君主，所有基督徒服从上帝。"
Passage Six (The Present Is the Most Important)
Shams and delusions are esteemed for soundest truths, while reality is fabulous. If men would steadily observe realities only, and not allow themselves to be deluded, life, to compare it with such things as we know, would be like a fairy tale and the Arabian Nights' Entertainments. If we respected only what is inevitable and has a right to be , music and poetry would resound along the streets. When we are unhurried and wise, we perceive that only great and worthy things have any permanent and absolute existence, --that petty fears and petty pleasure are but the shadow of reality. This is always exhilarating and sublime. By closing the eyes and slumbering, by consenting to be deceived by shows, men establish and confirm their daily life of routine and habit everywhere, which still is built on purely illusory foundation. Children, who play life, discern its true law and relations more clearly than men, who fail to live worthily, but who think that they are wiser by experience, that is, by failure. I have read in a Hindoo book, that "there was a king's son, who, being expelled in infancy from his native city, was brought up by a forester, and, growing up to maturity in that state, imagined himself to belong to the barbarous race with which be lived. One of his father's ministers having discovered him, revealed to him what he was, and the misconception of his character was removed, and he knew himself to be a prince. So soul, from the circumstances in which it is placed, mistakes its own character, until the truth is revealed to it by some holy teacher, and then it knows itself to be Brahme." We think that that is which appears to be. If a man should give us an account of the realities he beheld, we should not recognize the place in his description. Look at a meeting-house, or a court-house, or a jail, or a shop. Or a dwelling-house, and say what that thing really is before a true gaze, and they would all go to pieces in your account of them. Men esteem truth remote, in the outskirts of the system, behind the farthest star, before Adam and after the last man. In eternity there is indeed something true and sublime. But all these times and places and occasions are now and here. God himself culminates in the present moment, and will never be more divine in the lapse of all ages. And we are enabled to apprehend at all what is sublime and noble only by the perpetual instilling and drenching of the reality that surrounds us. The universe constantly and obediently answers to our conceptions; whether we travel fast or slow, the track is laid for us. Let us spend our lives in conceiving then. The poet or the artist never yet had as fair and noble a design but some of his posterity at least could accomplish it.
1. The writer's attitude toward the arts is one of
[A]. admiration. [B]. indifference. [C]. suspicion. [D]. repulsion
2. The author believes that a child.
[A]. should practice what the Hindoos preach.
[B]. frequently faces vital problems better than grownups do.
[C]. hardly ever knows his true origin.
[D]. is incapable of appreciating the arts.
3. The author is primarily concerned with urging the reader to
[A]. look to the future for enlightenment. [B]. appraise the present for its true value.
[C]. honor the wisdom of the past ages. [D]. spend more time in leisure activities.
4. The passage is primarily concerned with problem of
[A]. history and economics. [B]. society and population.
[C]. biology and physics. [D]. theology and philosophy.
Vocabulary
1. sham 虚伪
2. delusion 欺骗
3. fabulous 荒诞无稽的，不存在的
4. exhilarating 令人高兴的
5. sublime 崇高的
6. slumber 睡眠
7. Hindoo 印度
8. Brahma 婆罗门（贵族）
9. come, fall, go to pieces 崩溃，垮台
10. culminate 达到顶点
11. lapse 时间的推移/消逝
12. apprehend 领悟，理解
13. instill （慢慢地）滴注，灌输
14. drench 浸泡，使湿透
15. posterity 子孙后代
16. look to 指望，注意
难句译注
1. If men would steadily observe realities only, and not allow themselves to be deluded, life, to compare it with such things as we know, would be like a fairy tale and the Arabian Nights' Entertainments.
[结构简析] 虚拟条件句，主句中to compare it with… know是插入语，也有假设之意。
[参考译文] 如果人们坚持只观察现实，不让自己被蒙蔽，那么生活，把它和我们知道的事情相比较，就象神话，象一千零一夜中描述的一切。
2. When we are unhurried and wise, we perceive that only great and worthy things have any permanent and absolute existence, --that petty fears and petty pleasure are but the shadow of reality.
[结构简析] 主句中两个that. 第一个是perceive 的宾语从句。破折号的第二个 that从句是说明，对比前一个that 句。
[参考译文] 在我们冷静和明智时，我们会感到只有伟大的和有价值的东西才能永恒绝对地存在，而那些微不足道的恐惧和欢乐仅仅是现实的阴影而已。
3. By closing the eyes and slumbering, by consenting to be deceived by shows, men establish and confirm their daily life of routine and habit everywhere, which still is built on purely illusory foundation.
[参考译文] 闭上眼睛，昏昏欲睡，允许自己被表面现象所蒙蔽，人们通过这些手段来建立和确定他们的生活日程和各种习惯。这仍然是建立在幻（觉）想基础上的东西。
4. So soul, from the circumstances in which it is placed, mistakes its own character, until the truth is revealed to it by some holy teacher, and then it knows itself to be Brahme."
[结构简析] from the circumstances in which … ，介词短语+定从，实际上都是修饰mistake
[参考译文] 从它所处的环境中出发，灵魂把自己的身份搞错了。直到某个神圣的先生揭示的事实，那时它才知道自己是个贵族。
5. We think that that is which appears to be.
[结构简析] 第一个that 是引导think的宾语从句的连接词，第二个that 是代词，作宾从中的主语，指上述"灵魂"整个句子。
[参考译文] 我们想那就是看起来那个样子（情况似乎就是那样）。
写作方法与文章大意
这是一篇从哲学角度探讨人应重视现实的论说文。采用以对比，具体实例说明的写作手法。先用虚伪和欺骗被尊为至高无上的真理一事，跟正视现实，尊重必然的东西对比，引出后者是美好生活的来源。再以大人和孩子对比，孩子更能分辨生活的规律。最后从过去，未来和现在对比，人们对过去认为就是这么一回事，崇拜遥远的一切。作者提醒人们--此时此地的现实是最重要的。
答案祥解
1. A. 钦佩。本文第三句"如果我们只尊重必然的东西，尊重有权威为必然的东西，那么音乐和诗歌会重新在街上唱诵。"本文最后一句"虽然诗人或艺术从来没有如此美好和崇高的设想，但他们有些后代至少会达到这一步的。"还有难句译注1。这些都说明作者对艺术视为崇高和美好，不是被蒙蔽的东西。
B. 漠不关心。 C. 怀疑的。 D. 排斥。多不对。
2. B. 孩子们常常比成人更好地棉队各种问题。本文第七句"孩子们游戏生活（整天只知道玩儿），却比难以很好的生活的成人们更清楚的分辨出显示生活的真正规律和种种关系。"
A. 孩子应当实践印度布道宣传的东西。 C. 几乎对其真实出身一无所知。这是讲王子的事情，不是一般孩子。 D. 难以欣赏艺术。并未提及。
3. B. 珍视目前的真正价值。这在文章倒数第五句"永恒中，确实有真实和崇高的东西存在。但是所有这一切时间，地点，机遇都是在此时此地。上帝本身在现时达到了顶峰。在今后流逝的岁月中，它绝不会更加神圣崇高。我们只有长期不断地灌输和浸润在周围现实之中，才能理解什么是崇高和神圣的东西。不论我们的步伐快还是慢，路线已为我铺定。那就让我们的生命在体会感受中度过。"作者强调现实才是人们应该抓住的。
A. 指望未来给予启迪。 C. 尊重过去的智慧。 D. 在悠闲的活动中花更多的时间。
4. D. 神学和哲学。整篇文章都传递了这两个内容，特别是哲学推理论说。
A. 历史和经济学。 B. 社会和人口。 C. 生物和物理。
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