《诗经·雅·采薇》
采 薇1
【诗经·小雅·鹿鸣之什】
采薇采薇，薇亦作止2。曰归曰归，岁亦莫止3。
靡家靡室，玁狁之故4。不遑启居，玁狁之故5。
采薇采薇，薇亦柔止6。曰归曰归，心亦忧止。
忧心烈烈，载饥载渴7。我戍未定，靡使归聘8。
采薇采薇，薇亦刚止9。曰归曰归，岁亦阳止10。
王事靡盬，不遑启处11。忧心孔疚，我行不来12。
彼尔维何，维常之华13。彼路斯何，君子之车14。
戎车既驾，四牡业业15。岂敢定居，一月三捷。
驾彼四牡，四牡騤騤16。君子所依，小人所腓17。
四牡翼翼，象弭鱼服18。岂不日戒，玁狁孔棘19。
昔我往矣，杨柳依依20。今我来思，雨雪霏霏21。
行道迟迟，载饥载渴22。我心伤悲，莫知我哀。
【注释】
1.这是一首征战归来的边防士兵所赋的诗。诗中反映了士兵的征战生活和内心感受。末章抒发归途遇雪，忍饥受渴的辛苦和悲伤，诗味最浓。本诗选自《小雅》。"小雅"是正的意思。
2.薇（wēi）：今名野豌豆苗。作：起，生长出来。止：句尾语气词。
3.莫：古体"暮"字。这句大意是：要回去要回去，而一年又快完了，（总是回不去）。
4.靡（mi）：无。玁狁（xiǎn yǔn）：亦作"猃狁"，我国古代西北边区民族。春族时称"戎"或"狄"。
5.不遑：没有功夫。遑：暇。启居：指坐下来休息。古人席地而坐，坐时双膝着地，臀部贴在小腿上叫"居"；上身伸直，臀部离开脚后跟的叫"启"，又写作"跽"。
6.柔：肥嫩，比喻进一步的生长。
7.忧心烈烈：忧心如焚。烈：忧貌。载：又。
8.戌：守。这里指防守的地点。未定：不固定。使：使者。聘：问，问候。
9.刚：坚硬，指薇菜茎叶渐老变硬。
10.阳：周代自农历四月到十月，称为阳月。
11.靡盬（gǔ）：没有止息。启处：与上文"启居"同义。
12.孔：很。疚：病痛。我行不来：我从军远行之后一直回不来。来：归来。
13.尔：花盛开的样子。维何：是什么。维，句中语气词。常：通"棠"，即棠梨树。
14.路：通"辂"，古代一种大车。君子：这里指将帅。车：兵车，即下文的戎车。
15.业业：强壮而高大的样子。
16.騤騤（kuí kuí）：马强壮的样子。
17.依：指乘。小人：指兵士。腓（féi）：掩护，隐蔽。以上两句的主语是"戎"。[按：古代打仗是车战，主将在兵车上指挥，步兵在兵车后面，靠车身掩护自己。
18.翼翼：行列整齐的样子，指训练有素。象弭（mǐ）：用象牙镶饰的弓的两头缚弦的地方。鱼服：用鱼皮做的箭袋。
19.戒：戒备。孔棘：十分吃紧。棘：同"亟"，紧急。
20.依依：树枝柔弱随风飘拂的样子。
21.来思：指归来时。思，语末助词。雨雪：下雪。霏霏（fēi）：雪下得很大的样子。
22.迟迟：缓慢的样子。
十九世纪英国汉学家理雅各（James Legge）的译文
Let us gather the thorn-ferns , let us gather the thorn-ferns ;
The thorn-ferns are now springing up .
When shall we return ? When shall we return ?
It will be late in the next year .
Wife and husband will be separated ,
Because of the Xian-yun .
We shall have no leisure to rest ,
Because of the Xian-yun .
Let us gather the thorn-ferns , let us gather the thorn-ferns ;
The thorn-ferns are now tender .
When shall we return ? When shall we return ?
Our hearts are sorrowful ;
Our hearts are sad and sorrowful ;
We shall hunger , we shall thirst .
While our service on guard is not finished ,
We can send no one home to enquire about our families .
Let us gather the thorn-ferns , let us gather the thorn-ferns ;
The thorn-ferns are now hard .
When shall we return ? When shall we return ?
The year will be in the tenth month .
But the king's business must not be slackly performed ;
We shall have no leisure to rest .
Our sorrowing hearts are in great distress ;
But we shall not return from our expedition .
What is that so gorgeous ?
It is the flowers of the cherry tree .
What carriage is that ?
It is the carriage of our general .
His war carriage is yoked ;
The four steeds are strong .
Dare we remain inactive ?
In one month we shall have three victories .
The four steeds are yoked ,
The four steeds , eager and strong ;
The confidence of the general ,
The protection of the men .
The four steeds move regularly , like wings ;
There are the bow with its ivory ends , and the seal-skin quiver .
Shall we not daily warn one another ?
The business of the Xian-yun is very urgent .
At first , when we set out ,
The willows were fresh and green ;
Now , when we shall be returning ,
The snow will be falling in clouds .
Long and tedious will be our marching ;
We shall hunger ; we shall thirst .
Our hearts are wounded with grief ,
And no one knows our sadness .
采 薇1
【诗经·小雅·鹿鸣之什】
采薇采薇，薇亦作止2。曰归曰归，岁亦莫止3。
靡家靡室，玁狁之故4。不遑启居，玁狁之故5。
采薇采薇，薇亦柔止6。曰归曰归，心亦忧止。
忧心烈烈，载饥载渴7。我戍未定，靡使归聘8。
采薇采薇，薇亦刚止9。曰归曰归，岁亦阳止10。
王事靡盬，不遑启处11。忧心孔疚，我行不来12。
彼尔维何，维常之华13。彼路斯何，君子之车14。
戎车既驾，四牡业业15。岂敢定居，一月三捷。
驾彼四牡，四牡騤騤16。君子所依，小人所腓17。
四牡翼翼，象弭鱼服18。岂不日戒，玁狁孔棘19。
昔我往矣，杨柳依依20。今我来思，雨雪霏霏21。
行道迟迟，载饥载渴22。我心伤悲，莫知我哀。
【注释】
1.这是一首征战归来的边防士兵所赋的诗。诗中反映了士兵的征战生活和内心感受。末章抒发归途遇雪，忍饥受渴的辛苦和悲伤，诗味最浓。本诗选自《小雅》。"小雅"是正的意思。
2.薇（wēi）：今名野豌豆苗。作：起，生长出来。止：句尾语气词。
3.莫：古体"暮"字。这句大意是：要回去要回去，而一年又快完了，（总是回不去）。
4.靡（mi）：无。玁狁（xiǎn yǔn）：亦作"猃狁"，我国古代西北边区民族。春族时称"戎"或"狄"。
5.不遑：没有功夫。遑：暇。启居：指坐下来休息。古人席地而坐，坐时双膝着地，臀部贴在小腿上叫"居"；上身伸直，臀部离开脚后跟的叫"启"，又写作"跽"。
6.柔：肥嫩，比喻进一步的生长。
7.忧心烈烈：忧心如焚。烈：忧貌。载：又。
8.戌：守。这里指防守的地点。未定：不固定。使：使者。聘：问，问候。
9.刚：坚硬，指薇菜茎叶渐老变硬。
10.阳：周代自农历四月到十月，称为阳月。
11.靡盬（gǔ）：没有止息。启处：与上文"启居"同义。
12.孔：很。疚：病痛。我行不来：我从军远行之后一直回不来。来：归来。
13.尔：花盛开的样子。维何：是什么。维，句中语气词。常：通"棠"，即棠梨树。
14.路：通"辂"，古代一种大车。君子：这里指将帅。车：兵车，即下文的戎车。
15.业业：强壮而高大的样子。
16.騤騤（kuí kuí）：马强壮的样子。
17.依：指乘。小人：指兵士。腓（féi）：掩护，隐蔽。以上两句的主语是"戎"。[按：古代打仗是车战，主将在兵车上指挥，步兵在兵车后面，靠车身掩护自己。
18.翼翼：行列整齐的样子，指训练有素。象弭（mǐ）：用象牙镶饰的弓的两头缚弦的地方。鱼服：用鱼皮做的箭袋。
19.戒：戒备。孔棘：十分吃紧。棘：同"亟"，紧急。
20.依依：树枝柔弱随风飘拂的样子。
21.来思：指归来时。思，语末助词。雨雪：下雪。霏霏（fēi）：雪下得很大的样子。
22.迟迟：缓慢的样子。
十九世纪英国汉学家理雅各（James Legge）的译文
Let us gather the thorn-ferns , let us gather the thorn-ferns ;
The thorn-ferns are now springing up .
When shall we return ? When shall we return ?
It will be late in the next year .
Wife and husband will be separated ,
Because of the Xian-yun .
We shall have no leisure to rest ,
Because of the Xian-yun .
Let us gather the thorn-ferns , let us gather the thorn-ferns ;
The thorn-ferns are now tender .
When shall we return ? When shall we return ?
Our hearts are sorrowful ;
Our hearts are sad and sorrowful ;
We shall hunger , we shall thirst .
While our service on guard is not finished ,
We can send no one home to enquire about our families .
Let us gather the thorn-ferns , let us gather the thorn-ferns ;
The thorn-ferns are now hard .
When shall we return ? When shall we return ?
The year will be in the tenth month .
But the king's business must not be slackly performed ;
We shall have no leisure to rest .
Our sorrowing hearts are in great distress ;
But we shall not return from our expedition .
What is that so gorgeous ?
It is the flowers of the cherry tree .
What carriage is that ?
It is the carriage of our general .
His war carriage is yoked ;
The four steeds are strong .
Dare we remain inactive ?
In one month we shall have three victories .
The four steeds are yoked ,
The four steeds , eager and strong ;
The confidence of the general ,
The protection of the men .
The four steeds move regularly , like wings ;
There are the bow with its ivory ends , and the seal-skin quiver .
Shall we not daily warn one another ?
The business of the Xian-yun is very urgent .
At first , when we set out ,
The willows were fresh and green ;
Now , when we shall be returning ,
The snow will be falling in clouds .
Long and tedious will be our marching ;
We shall hunger ; we shall thirst .
Our hearts are wounded with grief ,
And no one knows our sadness .
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